The cell cycle (a,b) Flashcards Preview

Biology 2.1.6 (chapter 6) > The cell cycle (a,b) > Flashcards

Flashcards in The cell cycle (a,b) Deck (12)
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1
Q

What is the cell cycle?

A

The highly ordered sequence of events that take place within a call, resulting in the division of the nucleus and the formation of 2 genetically identical daughter cells.

2
Q

What is interphase?

A

Growth period of the cell cycle, between cell divisions (mitotic phase). Consists of phases G1, S and G2.

3
Q

Describe gap phase 1

A

Proteins are synthesised + produced + organelles replicate. Cell increases in size.

4
Q

Describe synthesis phase

A

DNA is replicated in the nucleus.

5
Q

Describe gap phase 2

A

Cell keeps growing, energy stores are increased + duplicated DNA is checked for errors.

6
Q

What happens during interphase? (generally)

A
  • DNA is replicated and checked for errors
  • Protein synthesis
  • Mitochondria grow and divide
  • Chloroplasts grow and divide
  • Normal metabolic processes occur
7
Q

What occurs in the mitotic phase?

A

The period of cell division: mitosis and cytokinesis

8
Q

What is G0?

A

G0 is the name given to the phase when the cell leaves the cell cycle either temporarily or permanently. Can happen for cell differentiation, or if the cell DNA is damaged.

9
Q

How is the cell cycle regulated?

A

Checkpoints control mechanisms of the cell cycle. They monitor + verify whether the processes at each phase of the cell cycle have been accurately completed before the cell is allowed to progress into the next phase.

10
Q

Describe the G1 checkpoint

A

Triggers DNA replication if the cell satisfies requirements - cell size, nutrients, growth factors + DNA damage - otherwise it enters a resting state - G0.

11
Q

Describe the G2 checkpoint

A

Checks for cell size, DNA replication, DNA damage. If passed, the cell initiates the molecular processes that signal the start of mitosis.

12
Q

Describe the spindle assembly checkpoint/metaphase checkpoint

A

(in mitosis) Where all chromosomes should be attached to spindles + have aligned. Mitosis cannot proceed until the checkpoint is passed.