Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology - Unit 1 > The Cell Cycle and Cell Division > Flashcards

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division Flashcards

1
Q

What is the longest part of the cell cycle ?

A

Interphase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What acronym can be used to describe processes in interphase ?

A

ROPA
R = Replication of DNA
O = Organelles Produced
P = Protein Synthesis
A = ATP Synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the order of mitosis ?

A

Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Prophase (Mitosis)

A
  • Chromosomes condense and become visible.
  • Centrioles move to opposite poles in an animal cell
  • Spindle Fibres form
  • Nuclear membrane disintegrates and nucleolus disappears
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Metaphase ( Mitosis)

A
  • centromeres of chromosomes attach to spindle fibres and line up at the equator
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Anaphase (Mitosis )

A
  • Centromeres seperate
  • Spindle fibres contract and pull to opposite poles, seperated chromatids are now called chromosomes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Telophase (Mitosis )

A
  • Chromosomes uncoil and lengthen
  • Spindle fibres break down
  • Nucleolus and nucleur membrane reappear
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Centrioles in animal and plant cells

A

Animal = Present
Plant = Absent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cytokinesis (Mitosis)

A
  • Divides the cytoplasm to produce 2 genetically identical diploid daughter cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The significance of Mitosis

A

-Growth, repair tissue and replaced dead cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Damage of genes ( Mitosis )

A
  • damages genes occur due to radition, certain chemicals or viruses that mutate DNA.
  • If the gene is broken the cell may undergo repeated rounds of mitosis if this happens to solid tissue then a tumour may form
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Working out the mitotic index

A

N of cell in pro+meta+ ana+telo
/
Total number of cells

x 100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where does meiosis take place

A

Reproductive organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Prophase 1 (Meiosis)

A
  • Paternal and maternal chromosomes come together and form homologous pairs
  • The pairing is called synapsis
  • Each pair is bivalent
  • Chromosomes condense and coil
  • Cromatids wrap around eachother and partially repel but remain joined at the chlasmata.
  • A segment of DNA is exchanged = crossing over and is a source of genetic variation
  • At the end th nucleur envelope and nucleolus disappears
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Metaphase 1 (meiosis)

A
  • Pairs of homologous chromosomes arrange themselves at the equator
  • One chromosome is mother and the other father, these lie randomly at the equator = independent assortment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Anaphase 1 (Meiosis)

A
  • Chromosomes in each bivalent pair separate, spindle fibres shorten, pulling one to each pole
  • Random mixture of maternal and paternal chromosomes
17
Q

Telophase 1 (Meiosis)

A
  • In some species, nuclear envelope reforms and chromosomes decondense and are no longer visible
  • But in many chromosomes stay in their condensed form
18
Q

Cytokinesis 1

A
  • Division of the cytoplasm, making 2 haploid daughter cells at the end of meiosis 1
19
Q

Prophase ll

A
  • ## Centrioles seperate and organise new spindles at the right angle of the old ones
20
Q

Metaphase ll

A
  • Chromosomes line at the equator attached to the spindle fibres
  • Independent assortment happens ( random chromatids face each pole )
21
Q

Anaphase ll

A
  • Centromeres divide and the spindle fibres shorten, pulling the chromatids to the 2 poles
22
Q

Telophase ll

A
  • Chromatids lengthen and can no longer be distinguished with light microscope
  • ## Spindles disintegrate and the nuclear envelope and nucleolous reform
23
Q

Cytokinesis ll

A
  • 4 haploid daughter cells produced
  • Keeps the chromosome number constant through each generation
24
Q

Cytokinesis - Animal vs plant cell

A

Animal = Cleavage furrows appear outisde to inside
Plant = Cell plates develop from inside out

25
Q

Spindle Fibres - Plant vs animal cell

A

Animal = Degenerate at telophase
Plant= Remains part of the cell wall formation

Biology - Unit 1 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions