The Cell Cycle and Mitosis Flashcards
(20 cards)
Cell Cycle
The complete life cycle of a cell including growth, DNA replication, and division.
Interphase
The phase where the cell grows, replicates DNA, and prepares for mitosis.
G1 Phase
The stage of interphase where the cell grows and performs normal functions.
S Phase
The stage of interphase where DNA replication occurs.
G2 Phase
The stage of interphase where the cell prepares for mitosis by growing and producing proteins.
Mitosis
The process where the nucleus divides into two identical nuclei.
Prophase
The first stage of mitosis where chromosomes condense and spindle fibers form.
Metaphase
The stage of mitosis where chromosomes align at the center of the cell.
Anaphase
The stage of mitosis where sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite sides.
Telophase
The final stage of mitosis where nuclear membranes reform around each set of chromosomes.
Cytokinesis
The division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells.
G1/S Checkpoint
A checkpoint that checks for DNA damage before entering S phase.
G2/M Checkpoint
A checkpoint that checks if DNA replication was successful before mitosis.
Purpose of the Cell Cycle
Allows for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction.
Sister Chromatids
Identical copies of a chromosome connected at the centromere.
Spindle Fibers
Protein structures that pull chromatids apart during mitosis.
Metaphase Plate
The imaginary line where chromosomes align during metaphase.
Chromatin
Uncoiled, relaxed form of DNA in the nucleus.
Chromosomes
Tightly coiled DNA visible during mitosis.
Centromere
The region where two sister chromatids are joined together.
