The cell cycle (MITOSIS)

Question 1

• The ability of organisms to reproduce best
  distinguishes living things from nonliving matter
• The continuity of life is based on the
  reproduction of cells, or

Answer 1

Cell Division

Question 2

Multicellular organisms depend on cell division
for:

Answer 2

– Development from a fertilized cell
– Growth
– Repair

Question 3

Cell division is an integral part of the ______ __________, the life of a cell from formation to its own
division

Answer 3

Cell Cycle

Question 4

Most cell division results in daughter cells with
identical genetic information,

Answer 4

DNA

Question 5

• All the DNA in a cell constitutes the cell’s ________
• can consist of a single DNA
  molecule (common in prokaryotic cells) or a
  number of DNA molecules (common in
  eukaryotic cells)

Answer 5

Genome

Question 6

DNA molecules in a cell are packaged into

Answer 6

Chromosomes

Question 7

Every eukaryotic species has a characteristic number of

Answer 7

chromosomes in each cell nucleus

Question 8

(nonreproductive cells) have
two sets of chromosomes

Answer 8

Somatic cells

Question 9

(reproductive cells: sperm and eggs)
have half as many chromosomes as somatic
cells

Answer 9

Gametes

Question 10

Eukaryotic chromosomes consist of ____________, a complex of DNA and protein that
condenses during cell division

Answer 10

Chromatin

Question 11

In preparation for cell division, DNA is ________ and the chromosomes __________

Answer 11

replicated and condense

Question 12

Each duplicated chromosome has ___ ______ __________, which separate during cell
division

Answer 12

two sister chromatids

Question 13

is the narrow “waist” of the
duplicated chromosome, where the two
chromatids are most closely attached

Answer 13

Centromere

Question 14

Eukaryotic cell division consists of:

Answer 14

Mitosis
Cytokinesis

Question 15

the division of the nucleus

Answer 15

Mitosis

Question 16

the division of the cytoplasm

Answer 16

Cytokinesis

Question 17

• Gametes are produced by a variation of cell
  division called
• yields nonidentical daughter cells that
  have only one set of chromosomes, half as
  many as the parent cell

Answer 17

Meiosis

Question 18

In ____, the German anatomist __________ ____________ developed dyes to observe
chromosomes during mitosis and cytokinesis

Answer 18

1882, Walther Flemming

Question 19

The cell cycle consists of

Answer 19

Mitotic (M) phase (mitosis and cytokinesis)
Interphase (cell growth and copying of
chromosomes in preparation for cell division)

Question 20

Interphase (about 90% of the cell cycle) can be
divided into subphases:

Answer 20

– G1 phase (“first gap”)
– S phase (“synthesis”)
– G2 phase (“second gap”)

Question 21

The cell grows during all three phases, but
chromosomes are duplicated only during the

Answer 21

S phase (synthesis)

Question 22

Mitosis is conventionally divided into five
phases:

Answer 22

Prophase
Promethaphase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

Question 23

Cytokinesis is well underway by

Answer 23

late telophase

Question 24

is an apparatus of
microtubules that controls chromosome
movement during mitosis

Answer 24

Mitotic spindle

Question 25

During _________, assembly of spindle microtubules begins in the centrosome, the microtubule organizing center

Answer 25

Prophase

Question 26

(a radial array of short microtubules) extends from each centrosome

Answer 26

Aster

Question 27

includes the centrosomes, the spindle microtubules, and the asters

Answer 27

Spindle

Question 28

During ________________, some spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of chromosomes and begin to move the chromosomes

Answer 28

Prometaphase

Question 29

the chromosomes are all lined up at the metaphase plate, the midway point between the spindle’s two poles

Answer 29

Metaphase

Question 30

IN ____________, sister chromatids separate and move along the kinetochore microtubules toward opposite ends of the cell

Answer 30

Anaphase

Question 31

In _________, genetically identical daughter nuclei form at opposite ends of the cell

Answer 31

Telophase

Question 32

In animal cells, cytokinesis occurs by a process known as __________, forming a cleavage furrow

Answer 32

Cleavage

Question 33

In plant cells, a ____ _______ forms during cytokinesis

Answer 33

Cell plate