the cell, DNA, and chromosomes Flashcards
(32 cards)
what do cells require of the body
- provide food as a source for energy
- supply oxygen
- have enough water for transport
name the 6 cytoplasm organelles
- endoplasmic reticulum
- golgi
- mitochondria
- lysosomes
- ribosomes
- centresomes
what percentage of the body is hydrogen
60%
what is the molecular composition of the body
80 water
15 proteins
2 lipids
1 carbohydrate
1 nucleic acids
1 other
what is the most critical and radiosensitive target molecule
nucleic acid (DNA)
what are the 2 types of nucleic acids that cells contain
deoxyribonucleic acid
ribonucleic acid
what are the 2 DNA compounds
purines
pyrimidines
how many C-h rings do purines have
2
how many c-h rings do pyrimidines have
1
DNA is physically composed of two long ____ which create a ____
sugarphosphate chains
double helix
how are the sugar-phosphate chains linked
by the pais nitrogenous organic bases, at the sugar molecule
what part of DNa constitutes the genetic code
the sequence of nitrogenous ase pairs
how many base pairs do we have
2.9 billion
what are the purine bases
adenine
guanine
what are the pyrimidine bases
thymine
cytosine
what are the allowed purine/pyrimidine pairings
A and T
C and G
chromosomes are composed of what
protein and DNA
how many chromosomes do normal human somatic cells have
46
how many chromosomes do normal humans have in germ cells
23
what is a gene
distinct segment of DNA that serves as the basis of heredity
how many genes do we have?
that ar escapable of producing how many proteins?
30,000
90,000
what are the 2 effects of ionizing radiation on cells
they behave abnormally
they die
what is the immature female germ cell
oogonia
2n
what is the mature female germ cell
ova or egg, n
