The Cell: Microcosm of Life

Question 1

Cell

Answer 1

basic living structure and function unit of the human body

Question 2

Function of cell

Answer 2

move, grow, reproduce, ingest food, excrete wastes and react to environment

Question 3

true or false: eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotes

Answer 3

true

Question 4

difference between eukaryote and prokaryote

Answer 4

have a define nucleus

Question 5

endosymbiotic theory

Answer 5

prokaryotic cells likely engulfed smaller prokaryotic cells, which then lived symbiotically within them. Over time evolved into organelles

Question 6

Endosymbiotic theory evidence

Answer 6

mitochondria
chloroplasts

Question 7

multivesicular transducosome

Answer 7

important for smell, found in olfactory neurons

Question 8

olfactory transduction

Answer 8

converts odors into nerve impulses sent to the brain; store and keep the necessary transduction proteins separate until they are needed. When stimulated by odors, the transducosome releases these proteins into the neural cilia, enabling the perception of smell

Question 9

nucleus

Answer 9

Contains DNA, which provides coded instructions for protein synthesis

Question 10

nuclear membrane (or nuclear envelope)

Answer 10

pores that enable communication between the nucleus and cytoplasm

Question 11

Nucleolus

Answer 11

non-membrane-bound structure inside the nucleus; ribosomal RNA (rRNA), proteins, and DNA.

Question 12

function of nucleolus

Answer 12

Functions in rRNA transcription, processing, and ribosome assembly.

Question 13

plasma (cell membrane)

Answer 13

phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. Regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Question 14

rough ER

Answer 14

membrane sacs studded with ribosomes, responsible for protein synthesis

Question 15

smooth ER

Answer 15

Involved in lipid synthesis; lacks ribosomes and does not participate in protein synthesis

Question 16

Golgi apparatus

Answer 16

processes, packages, and modifies proteins after they leave the rough ER

Question 17

mitochondrion

Answer 17

produces most of the cell’s energy in the form of ATP

Question 18

lysosomes

Answer 18

contains digestive enzymes to break down proteins, lipids, and nucleic
acids.Removes and recycles waste products.

Question 19

cytosol

Answer 19

gel-like substance inside the cell that contains organelles, proteins, electrolytes,
and other molecules

Question 20

cytoskeleton

Answer 20

provides structural support and aids in
intracellular transport and cellular shape maintenance.

Question 21

organelle

Answer 21

sub cellular structure that has one or more specific jobs

Question 22

plasma membrane (plasmalemma)

Answer 22

asymmetrical,dynamic, flexible structure that separates the internal contents from the external environment

Question 23

components of plasma membrane

Answer 23

phospholipids: bilayer structure, with hydrophilic (water-attracting)
heads facing outward and hydrophobic (water-repelling) tails facing inward
proteins: Embedded in or attached to the membrane, these perform various roles like
transport, signal reception, and enzymatic activity
cholesterol: stabilizes the membrane and maintains its fluidity across a range of temperatures.

Question 24

membrane proteins

Answer 24

act as receptors sensitive to external stimuli and channels that regulate
the movement of into and out of the cell

Question 25

glycocalyx

Answer 25

carbohydrate-rich layer on the surface of cells, formed by glycoproteins and glycolipids

Question 26

function of glycocalyx

Answer 26

1. protects cells 2. aids in cell recognition 3. facilitates communication and adhesion 4. essential in immune responses and interactions with the environments

Question 27

cytoplasm

Answer 27

all contents of the cell, except the nucleus; includes all organelles as well as the cytosol

Question 28

cytosol

Answer 28

liquid component of the cytoplasm, surrounds intracellular organelles

Question 29

function of the cytosol

Answer 29

biochemical reaction molecule storage ph and ionic balance regulation molecule diffusion (random) interaction with the cytoskeleton

Question 30

function of cytoplasm

Answer 30

structural support site of metabolic activity temporary storage intracellular transport dynamic interaction with the cytoskeleton