The Cell: Organelles & Inclusions Flashcards
Peroxisomes
Small vesicles in cytoplasm that contain enzymes that degrade hydrogen peroxide and fatty acids
Golgi Apparatus
One or more flattened stacks of membranes that modify and package proteins and lipids for intracellular or extra cellular use
Plasma Membrane
The cell membrane, composed of a lipid bilateral that functions in protection, secretion, uptake, sensitivity, adhesion, and support.
The membrane can fuse with a secretory vesicle to release its contents in a process called exocytosis, or take up extra cellular substances in a process called pinocytosis.
The membrane may possess specialized receptors along its surface.
Cytoplasm
The aqueous matrix of the cell outside of the nucleus, contains inorganic ions, organic molecules, intermediate metabolites, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and RNA
Mitochondria
Organelles that produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) via oxidative phosphorylation for energy
Mitochondria possess an outer membrane and a folded inner membrane
Lysosomes
Vesicles containing digestive enzymes
Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough)
Membranous network in the cytoplasm, studded with ribosomes for protein synthesis
Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth)
Membranous network in the cytoplasm lacking ribosomes and involved with lipid and steroid synthesis
Centrioles
Paired bundle-like inclusions essential for chromosome movement in cell division
Nucleolus
A small structure within the nucleus containing condensations of RNA and proteins
Cell Nucleus
Structure surrounded by inner and outer membranes
The nucleus contains chromosomes, enzymes, and RNA
The nuclear membrane, or envelope, is perforated by small nuclear pores
Ribosomes
Tiny particles in cytoplasm containing RNA and proteins, both free and attached to rough ER
Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis by translating the amino acid protein coding under the direction of the messenger RNA (mRNA)
Microfilaments
Inclusions that provide strength and support for the cell
Microtubules
Inclusions contained in the cytoskeleton that’s assist in intracellular transport
Organelles
Basic internal structures of the cell, surrounded by a membrane
Function cooperatively in a variety of ways that allow cells and tissues to perform their unique functions