1. Bacteria 2. Archaea 3. Eukarya

The cell theory Flashcards by RHYANNE ERICA AQUIL

Organisms are composed of one or more cells

The cell theory

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms

The cell theory

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All cells come from pre-existing cells

The cell theory

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The basic structure of an organism

The cell

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Basically, makes up every living entity

The cell

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Building blocks of an organism (multicellular)

The cell

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Building blocks of an organism (multicellular)

The cell

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Two types of cells

Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

3 Domains

Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Single-celled (unicellular)

Types of cells

Prokaryotes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

“Pro” = before
“Karya” - Nucleus
Literal meaning “before nucleus”

Types of cells

Prokaryotes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Multicellular or unicellular

Types of cells

Eukaryotes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Eu = true
Karya = Nucleus
Literal meaning “True Nucleus”

Types of cells

Eukaryotes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Encloses cell contents

Parts of the eukaryotic cell

Plasma Membrane

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Monitors what comes in and out
(semi-permeable - it cannot allow the entry of
some materials from going inside the cell)

Parts of the eukaryotic cell

Plasma Membrane

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Provides protection and support for the whole
cell

Parts of the eukaryotic cell

Plasma Membrane

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Made of different kinds of
molecules: phospholipids,proteins, carbohydrates

Structure of _____

Plasma Membrane

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Semi-fluid, flexible structure

Structure of _____

Plasma Membrane

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

It is known as phospholipid
bilayer

Structure of _____

Plasma Membrane

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Made up of:
1. Hydrophilic Head
2. Hydrophobic Head

Parts of the Eukaryotic Cell

Phospholipid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Requires Energy
Does not require energy

Plasma membrane

Cell Transport

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Transport protein is visible

Cell Transport requires Energy

Active transport

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

large molecules

Cell Transport requires Energy

ex: endocytosis

Bulk transport

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

water molecules are the only one
passing through

Cell Transport Does not require Energy

Osmosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

can pass through the membranes clearly, need for a protein channel | Cell Transport Does not require Energy

Simple Diffusion and Facilitated Diffusion

the substance passes between the phospholipids | Types of diffusion

Simple Diffusion

specialized membrane channel | Types of diffusion

Facilitated Diffusion

Contains water and nutrients within the cell

Cytosol

Helps in filtering out waste materials

Cytosol

Participates in energy production (cell respiration)

Cytosol

Energy is produced | parts of the eukaryotic cells

Cytosol

Microtubule-organizing center

Centrosome

Contains centrioles (animal cell)

Centrosome

Carry materials coming from the nucleus

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Associated with protein synthesis

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

System of folded tube-like structures, functions for: a. Protein folding b. Protein transport c. site/location of ribosomes

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Tubular | Kinds of Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth ER

Factory-warehouse of metabolic products needed for cell to function | Kinds of Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth ER

Contains enzymes | Kinds of Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth ER

Helps in cell detoxification | Kinds of Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth ER

Stores ions | Kinds of Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth ER

Flattened sheet | Kinds of Endoplasmic Reticulum

Rough ER

Attached ribosomes make the “rough” surface | Kinds of Endoplasmic Reticulum

Rough ER

Contains enzymes for protein synthesis | Kinds of Endoplasmic Reticulum

Rough ER

Contain amino acids for protein synthesis

Ribosomes

Can be found in the rough ER and around the cell cytoplasm

Ribosomes

Protein processing and packaging

Golgi Apparatus

Sends materials out of the cell

Golgi Apparatus

All of the Golgi mechanisms including vesicles

Golgi Apparatus

a factory in which proteins received from the ER are further processed

Golgi Apparatus

sorted for transport to their eventual destinations: lysosomes, the plasma membrane, or secretion.

Golgi Apparatus

Covered by phospholipid bilayer (same as plasma membrane)

Vesicles

Ship out materials from Golgi, going out of the cell

Vesicles

Require energy for transport of materials

Vesicles

Endocytosis and exocytosis

Vesicles

Enzyme sacks that function in degradation/digestion of wastes

Lysosomes

Convert cell wastes into useful building blocks/materials

Lysosomes

Convert the waste to useful

Lysosomes

Powerhouse of the cell

Mitochondria

It is the organelle involved in producing energy (ATP)

Mitochondria

Most of the energy are harvested and produced

Mitochondria

The main organelle

Nucleus

Contains the genetic materials (DNA)

Nucleus

DNA dictates the activity and fate of the cell

Nucleus

Central Dogma begins at the nucleus

Nucleus

Compacted DNA structure | Under Nucleus

Chromatin

If DNA is loose, the genetic material will takeover the whole cell | Under Nucleus

Chromatin

Histone proteins | Under Nucleus

Chromatin

Keeps DNA chromatin structure | Under Nucleus

Histone Proteins

Wrapped around the DNA | Under Nucleus

Histone Proteins

Makes rRNA (ribosome synthesis) | Under Nucleus

Nucleolus

Cell appendages (protruding outside the cell)

Flagellum

For locomotion/movement/motility

Flagellum

Not all cells have a flagellum ## Footnote Ex: Sperm Cells

Flagellum

Have chloroplasts

Plant Cells

Have vacuoles

Plant Cells

Can absorb liquids

Plant Cells

Creates food by photosynthesis

Plant Cells

Has cell wall made of cellulose

Plant Cells

Made up of cellulose and lignin | Organelles found in plant cells not animal cells

Cell Wall

Surrounds the plasma membrane | Organelles found in plant cells not animal cells

Cell Wall

For protection and prevents swelling | Organelles found in plant cells not animal cells

Cell Wall

Site of photosynthesis for food production | Organelles found in plant cells not animal cells

Chloroplasts

Chlorophyll: green pigment | Organelles found in plant cells not animal cells

Chloroplasts

Storage of water and other molecules | Organelles found in plant cells not animal cells

Central Vacuole

Supports cell structure and form | Organelles found in plant cells not animal cells

Central Vacuole

Storage and production for photosynthesis | Organelles found in plant cells not animal cells

Central Vacuole

It holds the chloroplast | Organelles found in plant cells not animal cells

Central Vacuole

Once a separate bacteria. Evolved through endosymbiosis | Organelles found in plant cells not animal cells

Central Vacuole

Have no cell walls

Animal Cells

Eats other cells

Animal Cells

Cannot absorb much liquid because it has no cellulose

Animal Cells

Can form a variety of shapes

Animal Cells

Have lysosomes

Animal Cells

Similarities of Plant and Animal Cells

- nucleus - eukaryotic - size