The Central Nervous System Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is an example of a benzodiazepine?
- Alprozolam
- Chlordiazepoxide
- Diazepam
- Flurazepam
How do benzodiazepines work as an anxiolytics/anti hypnotic drug?
It acts on the limbic system to enhance the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. It also acts on post-synaptic cells to make them less excitable in the areas of the brain associated with anxiety and sleep.
How do barbiturates work as an anxiolytic/Hypnotic agent?
It is a CNS depressant that inhibits neuronal impulses conduction and depresses the cerebral cortex, alters cerebellar function and depresses motor output.
What is an example of a barbiturate?
- Thiopental
What are examples of non-barbiturates?
- Propofol
- Ketamine
What are the 3 types of Antidepressants?
- Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
- Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
- Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
How do Tricyclic antidepressants work?
They reduce the re-uptake of Monoamine neurotransmitters and noradrenaline in pre-synaptic neurones.
What are examples of Tricyclic antidepressants?
- Dosulepin
- Doxepin
- Trimipramine
- Amitriptyline
- Clomipramine
How do Monoamine oxidase inhibitors work?
They irreversibly inhibit MAO (enzyme in tissues) that breaks down noradrenaline and dopamine.
What are examples of monoamine oxidase inhibitors?
- Phenekine
- Tranylaypromine
How do selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors work?
They block the re-uptake of 5-HT which no effect in noradrenaline and increase the levels if 5-HT to the synaptic cleft.
What are examples of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors?
- Fluoxetine
- Fluvoxamine
- Paroxetine
- Sertraline
- Citalopram
What are the 2 types of neuromuscular junction blocking agents?
- Non-depolarising Blockers (antagonist)
- Depolarising Blockers (agonist)
How do non-depolarising neuromuscular junction blocking agents work?
They occupy the neuromuscular cholinergic receptor site preventing ACh from reacting. They do not activate muscle cells or cause contraction. These are used to induce paralysis during surgery.
How do depolarising neuromuscular junction blocking drugs work?
They attach to the ACh receptor site and depolarise cells to cause stimulation and contraction. After this, the cells can’t re-polarisation and once relaxed, can’t contract again. These are used for paralysis during surgery.
What are examples of non-depolarising neuromuscular junction blocking drugs?
- Altracurium
- Cisatracium
- Mivacurium
- Pancuronium
- Rocuronium
- Vecacuranium
What are examples of depolarising neuromuscular blocking drugs?
- Suxamethanium
What are the 4 types of anaesthetics/drugs used in surgery?
- General Anaesthetics
- Local Anaesthetjcs
- Narcotic Anaesthetics
- Vasoconstrictors
How do general anaesthetics work?
They act on the CNS to make it insensitive. They are fat-soluble and cross the blood-brain barrier into CSF. They reduce the excitability of nerves and act on ion channels.
What are examples of general anaesthetics?
- Nitrous Oxide
- Isoflurane
- Desflurane
- Sevoflurane
- Propofol
- Thiopental
- Etomidate
- Ketamine
How do local anaesthetics work?
They block the transmission of nerve impulses carrying pain signals to the brain from nociceptors (pain receptors in skin). They block sodium entry so there are no nerve impulses.
What are examples of local anaesthetics?
- Lidocaine
- Prilocaine
How do narcotic analgesics work?
They act on the CNS (opioid receptors) to relieve pain and deliver a ‘euphoric feeling’.
What are examples of narcotic analgesics?
- Morphine
- Fentanyl
- Remifentanyl
- Alfentanyl
