The Changing Economic World

Question 1

GNI meaning?

Answer 1

Gross national income - total value of goods and services produced by a country including income from overseas

Question 2

What is development?

Answer 2

Development is the progress in economic growth, use of technology and improving welfare that a country has made.

Question 3

What is GDP?

Answer 3

Gross domestic product is the total value of goods and services a country orifices in a year

Question 4

What is rich rate?

Answer 4

Number of babies born per thousand of the population per year

Question 5

What is Death rate?

Answer 5

The number of deaths per thousand of the population each year

Question 6

What is infant mortality rate?

Answer 6

The number of babies who die under 1 per thousand born

Question 7

What is HDI?

Answer 7

human development index is a number that calculated using life expectancy, literacy rate, education level and income per head. Every country has a HDI between 0 and 1

Question 8

What are the limitations of using an denomination measure of development?

Answer 8

It can hide variation between regions
It’s an average - could be couple really rich people to a couple thousand really poor and that could be considered a HIC

Question 9

What is the demographic transition model?

Answer 9

Shows how changing birth rates and death rates effect population growth.

Question 10

What are the characteristics of stage 1 on the DTM?

Answer 10

High birth rate - no contraception, poor medicine - many infants die
High death rate - poor medicine and healthcare, famine, low life expectancy

Question 11

What are the characteristics of stage 2 on the DTM?

Answer 11

Economy based on agriculture - children need to work
Birth rates are high
Death rates are low due to improved healthcare and diet

Question 12

What are the characteristics of stage 3 on the DTM?

Answer 12

Most NEEs are stage 3
Birth rate falls as women have a more equal part in society and use of contraception increase - less children need to work
Healthcare improves and life expectancy increases further

Question 13

What are the characteristics of stage 4 and 5 on the DTM?

Answer 13

Low birth rates - people want possessions, careers, high QoL, les money for children
Healthcare is good - low death rates and high life expectancy

Question 14

Outline the three categories of causes for uneven development.

Answer 14

Physical
Economical
Historical

Question 15

Explain briefly how different physical aspects effect a countries development.

Answer 15

Poor climate - not much will grow, fewer things to sell and low income
Poor farming land - steep land or poor soil - won’t produce food
Few raw materials - fewer things to sell, less money to develop
Natural hazards - spend lots of money rebuilding

Question 16

Explain briefly how different historical aspects effect a countries development.

Answer 16

Colonisation - colonised countries have lower development when they become independent than if they had never been colonised
Conflict - war and civil wars can slow or reduce development

Question 17

Explain briefly how different economic aspects effect a countries development.

Answer 17

Poor trade links - less countries to trade with - less money
Debt - poor countries borrow money, income has to be used to pay it

Question 18

Outline and explain the three main consequences of uneven development

Answer 18

Wealth - purple in more developed countries have higher income
Healthcare - people in HICs live lots longer
International migration - many people move to neighbouring developed for work and income

Question 19

What is an example of migration as a consequence of uneven development?

Answer 19

Lots of international migration from poorer areas of Eastern Europe to the UK. Since 2004 nearly 2million Economic migrants have moved to the uk in search of work
Most migrants pay tax and work hard but the lack of jobs can cause unemployment for uk citizens

Question 20

Outline the strategies used to reduce the development gap?

Answer 20

Investment
Industrial development
Tourism
Aid
Intermediate technology
Fair trade
Debt relief

Question 21

How can investment reduce the development gap?

Answer 21

Improvements of harbours and ports
New industry developments
Allows employment and income and as economy grows the countries education increases and poverty decreases

Question 22

How can industrial development reduce the development gap?

Answer 22

Brings employment and income
New opportunities to invest in housing, education and infrastructure
Which causes better education and healthcare
Which cause new opportunities for investment in shops and supply industries

This is the multiplier effect

Question 23

How can tourism reduce the development gap?

Answer 23

Countries with a amazing landscape have become tourist destinations.
This has led to job opportunities and investment from abroad

Question 24

What is the name of an example where tourism has helped close the development gap?

Answer 24

Jamaica

Question 25

How has tourism decreased the development gap in Jamaica?

Answer 25

Economy - tourism contributes largely to GDP, income and taxes to the government allows for better development
Employment - tourism provides new jobs and a stable income and provides over 200,000 jobs
Infrastructure - lead to high levels of investment in hotels and infrastructure to attract more tourists but also increasing qol for locals

Question 26

How has aid decreased the development gap?

Answer 26

Aid is when a country or NGO donates resources to help another country.
Only long term , freely given aid can help the development gap.
Enabled countries to invest in better infrastructure and development projects that increase QoL

Question 27

What is intermediate technology?

Answer 27

Sustainable technology that is appropriate to the needs, skills and knowledge of locals

Question 28

How can has intermediate technology reduced the development gap?

Answer 28

Intermediate technology takes the form of small scale projects often associated with health, water and agriculture