The changing economic world Flashcards
(32 cards)
What is the demographic transition model?
It has 5 stages, stage 1 with a high death and birth rate, stage 2 high death rate and lowering birth rate, stage 3 with a flattened death rate and lowering birth rate and stage 4 with low of both.
What is natural increase?
The ga between birth and death rate showing an increase in population apart from stage 5 with a natural decrease.
What are the main stages of uneven development?
- The development gap
- Europe setting our to find new teritory and findng slaves and minerals
- Africa split into Europe’s countries
- Colonies became independent and waste money fighting over power
- Land locked countries struggleto export
- LICs struggle due to natural hazards
- Disease causes loss and poverty cycle to continue
- HICs buy for cheap and sell for more
- LICs have to buy cars and infrastructure so they have a trade deficit
- LICs take loans and interest increases so they owe lots
Why is there a difference between LICS and HICs(6)?
Contraception/lack of, doctors and nurses, less food and better nutrition, natural hazard, water security and knowledge and education.
What is bottom-up aid?
It is small scale, community level aid.
What is top-down aid?
Tends to be large scale inputs from global institutions and governments.
What is fairtrade?
It aims to give farmers a fair price for their product through fair trade premium. They also get better equipment and are not subject to price changes, however this is only available to a select few farmers.
What is FDI?
It is foreign direct investment where TNCs produce goods around the world. The money invested into other countries by TNCs is called FDI. This can be seen with Chinese companies investing billions into Africa, mainly in energy, mining, construction and manufacturing. However this can lead to exploitation.
What is microfinance?
This is when small loans are given to people in LICs who may not be able to get loans from traditional banks, letting them become financially stable. This can be seen where 9 million women in Bangladesh were given phones, however it is not large scale and may need to be paid back.
What was Tunisia’s economy before the 1970s like?
It was an LIC, full of agriculture as the main part of their economy.
Why is Tunisia attractive for tourism?
It has a hot climate, it has links with Europe, has a rich culture with 7 world heritage sites, has a good landscape, has points where Star Wars was filmed and has cheap package holidays.
How has the tourism bridged the development gap in Tunisia?
It is one of the wealthiest countries in Africa, their income is 4x what it was in 1970, 4% of GDP in their health system, literacy rates at 80%, job creation, schools compulsory for women.
Why is tourism not a sustainable development strategy?
Pollution of the environment with sewage from hotels, leakage of profits so the companies become richer and terrorism with 7 deaths in 2015.
What are the social benefits of Nigeria’s development?
Only 8 deaths from Ebola, so they have good healthcare, 7th largest country in the world with 184 m people, Nigerian football team has won the African cup 3 times.
What are the environmental benefits of Nigeria’s development?
Nigeria is located 5-12 degrees north of the equator, with rainforest in the south and grassland in the north. Nigeria has high temperatures, however the vegetation has been replaced by agriculture.
What are the cultural benefits of Nigeria’s development?
Rapid rural-urban migration has happened in recent years, breaking down many ethnic divisions, however this has increased conflict. They have Nollywood being the second largest film industry in the world and their music is enjoyed worldwide.
What are the political benefits with Nigeria’s development?
Economic inequality between the North and South has lead to the rise of a Islam fundamentalist group affecting the economy. Nigeria became independent from the UK in 1960 and have only had a stable government for 25 years. They are experiencing lots of FDI.
What is the global importance of Nigeria?
It is the giant of Africa with 200 m people, it has the largest economy, has a youthful population and has 1/2 under 15. It is a MINT country(Mexico, Indonesia, Türkiye, Nigeria) and it supplies 3% of the worlds oil.
What is multilateral aid?
It is given by countries through international organisations.
What is Bilateral aid?
It is given directly from one country to another, sometimes with tied conditions attached.
What is Short-term emergency relief?
It is to cope with immediate problems caused by disasters like earthquakes and wars.
What is long term development assistance?
It helps people to improve their lives through education, healthcare or agricultural development.
What does shell do?
They produce oil and gas.
What are the social pros and cons to shell?
They give 30 million dollars to fund communities, they pulled out of projects in countries due to human rights issues and their protests were attacked and people died. However local communities are not seeing any trickle down effects.
