The Chemistry of aqueous Solutions Flashcards
What is a solution?
Solution = a homogenous mixture of a solute dissolved in as solvent.
What is a solute?
The substance being dissolved in another substance.
What is a solvent?
The liquid in which the substance is being dissolved.
What does dissolve mean?
For a solid to disappear in a liquid.
What is a soluble substance?
a substance able to be dissolved in a particular solvent.
What does miscible mean?
Two liquids able to mix to form a homogeneous mixture
What is the process of ionic hydration?
Solute particles are charges and water molecules are polar - dipole-dipole bonds formed - sufficient energy released to break ionic bonds - ions separate + surrounded by water molecules in solution.
Temperature effect on solubility?
Temp. (up) = solubility of solid solutes (up) (extra energy to break chemical bonds) + temp. (up) = solubility of gas solutes (drop) (KE up so able to escape solution).
Polarity effect on solubility?
Polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents (vice versa) - able to form stronger electrostatic forces able to release sufficient energy to break chemical bonds.
Surface area effect on solubility?
Surface area (up) = solubility (up) (no. solute particles in contact with water molecules up).
Molecular size effect on miscibility?
Similar sized molecules are more likely to mix (tough for small molecules to surround big molecules).
Temperature effect on solubility?
Temp. (up) = miscibility (up) (extra energy to break molecules of same substance intermolecular forces)
Polarity effect on miscibility?
Similar polarity liquids more likely to mix (able to form electrostatic forces with each other so can mix + surround each other)
What safety precautions to take when carrying out a chemical reaction?
Safety goggles, chemical resistant gloves + a lab coat to avoid skin and eye contact.
Solvents must be stored in strong, sealed containers to stop spillage.
Each container must be labelled so the correct chemical reactions take place.
Ensure eyewash station locations are known in case chemicals reach the eyes.
