The Chemistry Of Life

Question 1

Characteristics of life

Answer 1

Organisms

1. Consist of cells
2. Grow and develop
3. Regulate own metabolic processes
4. React to stimuli
5. Reproduce
6. Adapt to environment

Question 2

Organic compounds…

Answer 2

1. Origin in living organisms
2. Large number of Carbon atoms (H,O,P,N)
3. Large and complex molecules
4. Combustible in Oxygen

Question 3

Inorganic compounds…

Answer 3

1. No living origin
2. No carbon
3. Elements and simple molecules
4. Do not burn in Oxygen

Question 4

Pentose sugars

Answer 4

Ribose and deoxyribose, part of our DNA and RNA

Question 5

Hexose sugars

Answer 5

Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

Generally occur in ring structures

Question 6

Glucose

Answer 6

The source of energy for most living organisms. Can be used to form other organic compounds such as amino acids and fatty acids. Concentration in blood is under homeostatic control. Insulin

Question 7

Fructose

Answer 7

Found in fruit and honey, sweeter than than glucose

Question 8

Galactose

Answer 8

Part of the diasccharide lactose or milk sugar

Question 9

Maltose

Answer 9

Malt sugar

Question 10

Sucrose

Answer 10

Cane sugar

Question 11

Lactose

Answer 11

Milk suger

Question 12

Starch

Answer 12

Stored in plants

Amylase, amylopectin

Question 13

Glycogen

Answer 13

Animal starch

Stored in muscle and liver cells

Question 14

Cellulose

Answer 14

Plants
Part of cell walls
Insoluble
Important in our diets as roughage to stimulate peristalsis.

Question 15

Chitin

Answer 15

Substance found in the exoskeleton of insects as well as the cell walls of fungi.

Question 16

Glycerol

Answer 16

A type of alcohol with three hydroxyl groups

Question 17

Fatty acids

Answer 17

Have long hydrocarbon chains

Question 18

Thrombosis

Answer 18

Clogging of the blood in a part of the circulatory system

Question 19

Phospholipids

Answer 19

Fats bonded with phosphate

Form part of cell membrane

Question 20

Cholesterol

Answer 20

Essential for the forming of cell membranes, too much can lead to plaques in the blood vessels

Question 21

Steroids

Answer 21

Formed from fats
Biologically important steroids, cholesterol, bile salts, reproductive hormone and cortisol secreted by the adernal glands

Question 22

Nucleic acid

Answer 22

Transfer genetic info and determine the types of proteins produced by a cell
DNA
RNA

Question 23

DNA

Answer 23

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 24

RNA

Answer 24

Ribonucleic acid

Question 25

Pentose sugars

Answer 25

Ribose and deoxyribose, part of our DNA and RNA

Question 26

Hexose sugars

Answer 26

Glucose Fructose Galactose Generally occur in ring structures

Question 27

Glucose

Answer 27

The source of energy for most living organisms. Can be used to form other organic compounds such as amino acids and fatty acids. Concentration in blood is under homeostatic control. Insulin

Question 28

Fructose

Answer 28

Found in fruit and honey, sweeter than than glucose

Question 29

Galactose

Answer 29

Part of the diasccharide lactose or milk sugar

Question 30

Maltose

Answer 30

Malt sugar

Question 31

Sucrose

Answer 31

Cane sugar

Question 32

Lactose

Answer 32

Milk suger

Question 33

Starch

Answer 33

Stored in plants | Amylase, amylopectin

Question 34

Glycogen

Answer 34

Animal starch | Stored in muscle and liver cells

Question 35

Cellulose

Answer 35

Plants Part of cell walls Insoluble Important in our diets as roughage to stimulate peristalsis.

Question 36

Chitin

Answer 36

Substance found in the exoskeleton of insects as well as the cell walls of fungi.

Question 37

Glycerol

Answer 37

A type of alcohol with three hydroxyl groups

Question 38

Fatty acids

Answer 38

Have long hydrocarbon chains

Question 39

Thrombosis

Answer 39

Clogging of the blood in a part of the circulatory system

Question 40

Phospholipids

Answer 40

Fats bonded with phosphate | Form part of cell membrane

Question 41

Cholesterol

Answer 41

Essential for the forming of cell membranes, too much can lead to plaques in the blood vessels

Question 42

Steroids

Answer 42

Formed from fats Biologically important steroids, cholesterol, bile salts, reproductive hormone and cortisol secreted by the adernal glands

Question 43

Nucleic acid

Answer 43

Transfer genetic info and determine the types of proteins produced by a cell DNA RNA

Question 44

DNA

Answer 44

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 45

RNA

Answer 45

Ribonucleic acid