The Chemistry of Life (Chpt 2) Flashcards
(27 cards)
1
Q
Def of Atom?
particles of atom? where located?
A
- basic unit of matter
- proton, neutron, electron
- proton & neutron in middle, electron orbiting the atom
2
Q
Def of Element?
A
a pure substance that consists of only 1 type of atom
3
Q
Atomic number?
Atomic mass?
A
- # of protons & electrons
- # of protons + # of neutrons
4
Q
Def of Isotopes?
Radioactive Isotopes?
A
- Atoms of the same element but differ in # of neutrons in the nuclei
- a nucei which is unstable because of change in # of neutrons
higher atomic number, & releases energy when breaking down
5
Q
Def of compounds?
A
- a substance formed by the combination of different elements (chemically bonded)
- 2 or more DIFFERENT atoms joined together chemically
6
Q
Def of Molecule?
A
- smallest unit of most chemical compounds; 2 or more atoms joined together chemically (could be same or different)
7
Q
Def of Mixture? Types?
A
- 2 or more atoms not chemically joined
- Homogenous: mixture well blended together, ingredients wont separate; EX: salt water
- Heterogenous: a mixture without uniform composition throughout
8
Q
Types of Bonds?
A
- Covalent: strongest bond, the sharing of electrons between 2 atoms
- Ionic: transfer of electrons from one to another atom
9
Q
Def of Ion? types?
A
- an atom with a positive or negative charge bcuz of losing or gaining electrons (ionic bonding)
- Cation: positively charged ions
- Anion: negatively charged ions
10
Q
Van der Waals force?
A
- if 2 polar molecules are brought together, they will attract because of the slight positive and negative charge
- weak attraction
11
Q
What are the properties of water?
A
- Cohesion
water sticks to water - Adhesion
water sticks to other materials - Good solvent
because of its polarity, it attracts other polar molecules - Water forms ions
____ - High heat capacity
takes long to raise the temp, 1 deg. - High heat of vaporization
takes long to change amt of water to vapor
12
Q
How does Water form ions?
A
- Hydrogen ion splits into Hydronium (H+) and hydroxide (OH-)
____ include in notecard
13
Q
Hydrophilic vs Hydrophobic?
A
- hydrophilic: substances attracted to H2O (polar, partial charges)
- hydrophobic: not attracted to H2O (without charge, EX: oils, fats, wax)
14
Q
Def of Organic Chemistry?
A
- study of compounds between carbon atoms
15
Q
What is special about Carbon atom?
A
- can form 4 bonds ( with C,H,N,O,P,S)
- forms long chains or rings
- can form single, double or triple bonds
16
Q
How are macromolecules formed?
What are monomers? polymers?
A
- by polymerization
- monomers come together to form polymers
- Monomers: small compounds
- Polymers: many monomers joined together
17
Q
Forming polymers? Breaking polymers?
A
- Making polymers (loss of water) : Condensation reaction / Dehydration synthesis
- Breaking down polymers into monomers (addition of water): Hydrolysis
18
Q
Carbohydrates made of? Its monomer? Its polymer?
A
- made of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen (1:2:1)
- monosaccharides: one simple sugar
- disaccharides: 2 simple sugars/monosaccharides
- polysaccharides: >=3 simple sugars/monosaccharides
19
Q
Lipids made of? Its monomer? Its polymer?
A
- made of carbon & hydrogen
- monomer: triglyceride ( 1 glycerol & 3 fatty acids)
- polymer: polyunsaturated
20
Q
Nucleic Acids made of? Its monomer? Its polymer?
A
- made of CHNOP
- monomer: nucelotide
- polymer: polynucleotide & nucleic acids
21
Q
Proteins made of? Its monomer? Its polymer?
A
- made of CHNO
- monomer: amino acids
bonded with peptide bonds
22
Q
Def of Chemical reaction?
A
- a process that changes one set of chemicals into another set
- involves reactants and product
reactants: element entering reaction
products: element that is produced
23
Q
Exergonic vs Endergonic?
A
- Exergonic: breaking down of compounds; energy is released –catabolism
- Endergonic: building of compounds; energy is used – anabolism
24
Q
Def of Activation Energy?
A
- energy needed to start a reaction, ‘kickstart’ the reaction
25
Def of Catalyst?
- a substance that speeds up the rate of chemical reaction
(lowers the reactions activation energy)
26
Def of Enzymes?
- biological catalysts
- speeds up almost all chemical reactions in cells
27
Def of Enzyme-Substrate Complex
- formed when substrates bind to the enzyme at its active site
- need to fit to the active site perfectly
- the enzyme converts the substrate into the product
