The circulatory system Flashcards
what are the main parts the circulatory system consists of
blood
heart
vessels
what are the main types of blood vessels and what is their function
arteries
vessels
capillaries
function:- transport blood throughout the body
what is the function of the artery
transport oxygeynated blood from the heart to the other parts of the body
what are the adaptations of the arteries
elastic fibres - helps the arteries to stretch and recoil
thick muscular walls - to cope with blood that are pumped at a high pressure by the heart.
how are the capillaries are being formed.
by the arteries being branched into thin vessels
what are the functions of capillaries
exchange the oxygen , food and waste products ( carbon dioxide) to the cells
what is the function of veins
transport deoxygenated blood from the other organs of the body back to the heart
what are the adaptations of veins
- thinner walls than arteries - because the blood is flowing at a lower pressure
- wider cross section than arteries- because blood is flowing at a lower pressure
- have valves - to prevent the back flow of blood
The heart is the muscular organ that pumps blood to the body. what are the chambers of the heart
- right atrium
- left atrium
- right ventricle
-left ventricle - also have valves and pacemakers
what is the function of the pacemakers
to send electrical pulses to help the heart to beat a normal rate.
describe the blood flow pf the heart
- deoxygenated blood from the
other parts of the body enters
the right atrium through
venacava - once the atria are filled they pump the blood to the ventricles
- as the ventricles filled up with the blood it pumps the blood out of the heart to the lungs via pulmonary artery.
- then when the blood has being oxygenated from the lungs the oxygenated blood enters the left artium of the heart via pulmonary vein.
- as the left atrium filled with blood it pumps the blood to the left ventricle
- as the ventricle also then filled up with blood it pumps blood out of the heart to the
other parts of the body via the aorta.
what is the function of the coronary artery
It supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle
why is the human circulatory system called ‘double circulatory system’
because blood passes 2 times through each circuit in the circulatory system
what is the meaning of gas exchange in the heart
exchange of carbon dioxide
and oxygen in blood and the air in the lungs
describe the pathway of the gas exchange at the lungs
- the air is breathed through the TRACHEA
-TRACHEA is divided in to BRONCHIS - BRONCHIS are then divide into BRONCHIOLES
- BRONCHIOLES are being divide into ALVEOLIS
- they are surrounded by a system of capillaries, allowing the gas to exchange
what are ALVEOLIS
tiny air sacs found in the lungs
- oxygen and blood move in the alveoli by diffusion
what are the adaptations of alveoli
- have a large surface area
- surrounded by loads of capillaries - to get a good blood supply and diffusion is easier
what are the components of blood tissue/ plama
- red blood cells
- white blood cells
- platelets
features and functions of PLATELETS ( fragments)
function:- trigger blood clotting in wounded areas of the body
- no nucleus
what is the function of the RBC
carry oxygen from lungs to the other parts of the body
name some features and adaptations of RBC
no nucleus
- free up more room for haemoglobin
-increase the amount of oxygen it can carry.
Haemoglobin
- find in the RBC
- binds with oxygen in lungs
- carry out oxygen to the other body cells to use in cell respiration.
small shape
- so that RBC can fit in to small capillaries
biconcave shape
- increase the surface area to rapid oxygen diffusion
what is the function of the WBC
to defence against the harmful pathogens
features and adaptations of the WBC
- have a nucleus
- can change the shape - so that it can fit into any size of vessels and defence against the pathogens
