The Circulatory System

Question 1

What are some useful substances transported by the blood?

Answer 1

1. Hormones
2. Oxygen
3. Glucose

Question 2

What are some excretory substances transported by the blood?

Answer 2

1. Carbon dioxide

2. Urea

Question 3

What are the excretory organs?

Answer 3

1. Lungs
2. Kidneys
3. Skin

Question 4

What are the main parts of the circulatory system?

Answer 4

1. Heart
2. Blood vessels- arteries, veins, capillaries
3. Blood- red and white blood cells, plasma, platelets

Question 5

What is the function of the heart?

Answer 5

1. To. Pump blood.

Question 6

How many chambers are there in the heart?

Answer 6

1. Four

Question 7

Name the upper and lower sections of the heart.

Answer 7

1. Upper- ARTIA [singl. Atrium]

2. Lower- VENTRICLES [singl. Ventricle]

Question 8

What are the main blood vessels leaving the heart?

Answer 8

1 Aorta

2. Pulmonary artery

Question 9

What are the main blood vessels coming to the heart?

Answer 9

1. Pulmonary vein

2. Inferior vena cava

Question 10

What happens when blood vessels to the heart muscle tissue are blocked?

Answer 10

1. Heart muscle DOES NOT RECEIVE SUFFICIENT OXYGEN and GLUCOSE.
2. RESPIRATION cannot occur as it normally does and this could result in a heart attack.

Question 11

What is the affect of smoking?

Answer 11

1. Coronary vessels become more narrow, making any blockages dangerous [i.e. Lead to heart attacks]

Question 12

What is the affect of eating fatty foods everyday?

Answer 12

1. Blood cholesterol is heightened thus making your heart work harder to pump the blood. [i.e. Strain the heart]
2. CHOLESTEROL- makes the lining of the heart thicker.

Question 13

What is problem with letting yourself become too fat?

Answer 13

1. The heart has to pump the blood further and fatty deposits narrow or block blood vessels.

Question 14

What is the affect of alcohol consumption?

Answer 14

1. Hardens arteries

Question 15

What is the affect of old age?

Answer 15

1. Decreases blood vessels elasticity.

Question 16

The affect of lack of movement and excessive?

Answer 16

1. Bad blood circulation
2. Cells deprived of oxygen
3. Glucose and waste is not removed
4. Blood begins to clot.

Question 17

What are the body’s ‘transport systems’?

Answer 17

1. The systems responsible for the transport of USEFUL substances to the CELLS where they are needed and of EXCRETORY substances from the cells to the EXCRETORY organs.

Question 18

What is an artery?

Answer 18

1. Arteries are lines with THICK muscular tissue, this is because the structure is under high pressure leaving the heart.

Question 19

What is the function of the artery?

Answer 19

1. To transport oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

Question 20

What is a vein?

Answer 20

1. Lining is not as thick as that of the artery as the blood is not under high pressure traveling back to the heart.

Question 21

What is the function of the vein?

Answer 21

1. To transport blood carrying waste and excess liquids from the body.

Question 22

What is a capillary?

Answer 22

1. Very small structure which connects arteries and veins.

2. Thin walls allow gases to diffuse in and out of the blood.

Question 23

Which blood vessels have valves?

Answer 23

Veins

Question 24

Why do veins have valves?

Answer 24

1. To keep blood flowing toward the heart and to allow blood to flow against the force of gravity.

Question 25

What is the role of the valves in the blood vessels and in the heart?

Answer 25

1. Valves in the heart determine and create the path your blood travels through in your heart. 2. VENOUS VALVES prevent reverse blood flow

Question 26

Why are artery walls thick and muscular in comparison to veins which are not?

Answer 26

1. Arteries- must withstand great pressure - they regulate blood pressure by regulating their diameter. 2. Vein- under low pressure which allows the blood to easily drain out of the capillaries.

Question 27

Why must capillary walls be so thin?

Answer 27

1. Thin walls allow oxygen and nutrients to pass from the blood into tissues and allow waste products to pass from tissues into the blood.

Question 28

Why does regular exercise help with blood circulation?

Answer 28

1. The muscles surrounding the veins contract and help push the blood back to the heart, therefore increasing the blood flow.

Question 29

What are the parts of the blood?

Answer 29

1. Many different cells carried in a liquid called PLASMAPHERESIS 2. Plasma is similar to the raw white of an egg with water added to it- has big protein molecules in it. 3. CO2, salts, glucose, amino acids and hormonesare dissolved in it too.

Question 30

What are the cells in the blood?

Answer 30

1. Platelets 2. Red blood cells 3. White blood cells

Question 31

Platelets.

Answer 31

1. Needed for blood clotting 2. One drop should have at least 250 thousand of them [second most important cell]

Question 32

Red Blood Cells.

Answer 32

1. Collect oxygen in the lungs and carry the oxygen to the cells. 2. Carry CO2 away from tissues, to the lungs, where it is breathed out. 3. One small drop has 5 million red blood cells in it. [most important cell]

Question 33

White Blood Cells.

Answer 33

1. Protect body by engulfing germs 2. Defender cells- produce antibodies which attack germs 3. They eat dead cells and microbes (disease causing bacteria) [least important cell]