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CAPS391 Summer 2013 > The Circulatory System > Flashcards

The Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 2 main functions of the circulatory system?

A

1) distribution of oxygen and nutrients to all human body cells
2) pickup of the waste material produced by the cells to be eliminated by other systems such as the respiratory or urinary systems

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2
Q

what are the 2 general components of the circulatory system?

A

1) the heart

2) the blood vessels

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3
Q

what are the boundaries of the mediastinum?

A

the sternum and costal cartilages (anteriorly), the lungs (laterally), and by bodies of the thoracic vertebrae (posteriorly)

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4
Q

what are the main contents of the mediastinum?

A

the heart, its large vessels, and other anatomical structures such as the esophagus, trachea, and thoracic aorta

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5
Q

What are the 2 main divisions of the mediastinum?

A

A superior part and an inferior part

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6
Q

What imaginary plane divides the mediastinum into its superior and inferior parts?

A

A transverse plane passing through the sternal angle anteriorly and the intervertebral disc between vertebrae TIV and TV posteriorly

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7
Q

What are the 3 subdivisions of the inferior mediastinum

A

1) middle mediastinum
2) anterior mediastinum
3) posterior mediastinum

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8
Q

where is the anterior mediastinum located?

A

between the sternum and pericardium

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9
Q

where is the posterior mediastinum located?

A

between the pericardium and bodies of vertebrae TV to TXII

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10
Q

what does the superior mediastinum contain?

A

1) the arch of aorta and its branches
2) right and left brachiocephalic veins
3) the inferior part of the superior vena cava
4) the end of the azygus vein
5) right and left phrenic nerves
6) right and left vagus nerves
7) trachea
8) esophagus
9) thymus gland
10) thoracic duct

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11
Q

what does the anterior mediastinum contain?

A

the thymus gland

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12
Q

what does the middle mediastinum contain?

A

1) heart
2) pericardium
3) the main vessels of the heart
4) right and left phrenic nerves
5) main bronchi

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13
Q

what are the main vessels of the heart contained in the middle mediastinum?

A

1) ascending aorta
2) pulmonary trunk
3) pulmonary veins

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14
Q

what does the posterior mediastinum contain?

A

1) descending aorta
2) azygus and hemiazygus veins
3) right and light vagus nerves
4) thoracic duct
5) esophagus
6) sympathetic chain (trunk)
7) splanchnic nerves

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15
Q

what is the heart?

A

a muscular conical pump located in the middle mediastinum that is almost the same size as an individual’s fist

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16
Q

what is pulmonary circulation?

A

the part of the circulatory system that pumps deoxygenated blood from the heart, to the capillary beds of the lungs where gas exchange occurs, and then back to the heart again

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17
Q

what is systemic circulation?

A

the part of the circulatory system that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body to the capillary beds of all body tissues where gas exchange occurs, and then back to the heart again

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18
Q

the right ______ receives __________ blood from the entire body and passes it to the right ________

A

atrium, deoxygenated, ventricle

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19
Q

what part of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs?

A

the right ventricle

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20
Q

what part of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?

A

left atrium

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21
Q

what part of the heart pumps oxygenated blood throughout the body?

A

left ventricle

22
Q

what is the heart image on the chest wall demarcated by?

A

a quadrangle

23
Q

where are the 4 corners of the quadrangle that demarcate the position of the heart?

A

1) left 2nd intercostal space, 1in away from the midline
2) right 3rd costal cartilage, 1in away from the midline
3) right 6th costal cartilage, 1in away from the midline
4) left 5th intercostal space, 3-4in away from the midline

24
Q

what are the 5 main external features of the heart?

A

1) heart sulci
2) heart surfaces
3) heart borders
4) heart base
5) heart apex

25
Q

how many main sulci are there on the heart?

A

3

26
Q

where is the coronary sulcus?

A

encircling the heart and separating the atria from the ventricles

27
Q

where are the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci located?

A

between the ventricles on the anterior and posterior surfaces

28
Q

what are the 3 heart sulci?

A

1) coronary sulcus
2) anterior interventricular sulcus
3) posterior interventricular sulcus

29
Q

how many surfaces does the heart have?

A

4

30
Q

what are the 4 surfaces of the heart?

A

1) anterior (sternocostal) surface
2) inferior (diaphragmatic) surface
3) left pulmonary surface
4) right pulmonary surface

31
Q

describe the anterior surface of the heart

A

related to the sternum and the 2nd to 6th costal cartilages

32
Q

describe the inferior surface of the heart

A

leaning on the diaphragm; the posterior interventricular sulcus is located on this surface

33
Q

describe the left pulmonary surface of the heart

A

related to the left lung

34
Q

describe the right pulmonary surface of the heart

A

related to the right lung

35
Q

how many borders does the heart have?

A

3

36
Q

what forms the superior border of the heart?

A

left atrium

37
Q

what forms the right border of the heart?

A

right atrium

38
Q

what forms of the left border of the heart?

A

left ventricle mainly

39
Q

what forms the inferior border of the heart?

A

right ventricle mostly

40
Q

what separates the anterior and inferior surfaces of the heart?

A

the inferior border of the heart

41
Q

which way does the heart base face?

A

posteriorly

42
Q

what mainly forms the base of the heart?

A

left atrium

43
Q

what forms the heart apex?

A

left ventricle

44
Q

which way is the heart apex directed?

A

anteriorly, inferiorly, and to the left

45
Q

what vessels does the right atrium receive?

A

1) superior vena cava
2) inferior vena cava
3) coronary sinus

46
Q

what is the right auricle?

A

a conical muscular appendage attached to the right atrium

47
Q

where are the pectinate muscles of the right atrium?

A

lining the anterior part of the right atrium and extending into the right auricle

48
Q

what is the fossa ovalis?

A

an impressiong on the interatrial septum that is the remnant of the embryonic foramen ovalis that used to connect the right and left atria together

49
Q

what is the right atrioventricular opening?

A

the opening connecting the right atrium to the right ventricle

50
Q

what guards the right atrioventricular opening?

A

the right atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve

CAPS391 Summer 2013 (1 decks)

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