the civil war Flashcards
(29 cards)
what are the causes and effects of the civil war?
causes: the disconnection between north and south, Abraham lincoln becoming elected, fugitive slave laws, and states rights.
effects: north- Economy boomed, Had money to invest in new businesses, and Industry and agriculture expanded.
south- Ended slavery, Wrecked industry, and Killed livestock, destroyed railroads, and farm machinery.
what was the cornerstone speech?
Alexander Stephens’ speech delivered in Savannah, Georgia on March 21, 1861
meaning of speech: Stephens’ speech declared that disagreements over the enslavement of Africans were the “immediate cause” of secession.
what happened at Fort Sumter?
in Charleston Harbor, Ft. Sumter was one of two Southern forts still under Union control. The Confederacy demanded they surrender the fort, Lincoln ended up just sending food. Davis ordered an attack on April 12, 1861
Union (Anderson) surrendered
what was the Anaconda Plan?
It was the northern strategy plan made by General Winfield Scott, which stated that they would; Blockade Southern ports, Take over the Mississippi River and split the Confederacy into two, and Capture the Confederate capital (Richmond, VA)
what happened at the Battle of Bull Run?
also known as Manassas, on July 21, 1861, the Union wants to go on the offensive, “Stonewall” Jackson stands his ground against Union forces, Confederate victory.
who was Stonewall Jackson?
Confederate general in the American Civil War earned the name of “Stonewall” Jackson from his stand of ground against Union forces at the Battle of Bull Run.
who was George McClellan?
general who reorganized Union forces in the American Civil War but drew wide criticism for repeatedly failing to press his advantage over Confederate troops. McClellan lead the new Union Army, which was called the Army of the Potomac
who was Ulysses S. Grant?
U.S. general, commander of the Union armies of the American Civil War, and 18th president of the United States. Captured Confederate Forts Henry and Donelson in Tennessee in early 1862.
what happened at the Battle of Shiloh?
March 1862, Confederates’ “rebel yell” surprised Grant’s troops who were stationed at Shiloh Church in TN.
The battle was a draw but revealed how catastrophic the war could become both understood the need for
Sending out scouts for reconnaissance, Digging trenches, and Building fortifications
who was Robert E. Lee?
Head of the Confederate Army, Willing to use unorthodox tactics, Had opposed secession, Offered by Lincoln to lead the Union Army, and Chose to fight with VA.
who was David Farragut?
U.S. admiral who achieved fame for his outstanding Union naval victories during the American Civil War. Union fleet led by David Farragut took the city of New Orleans.
what happened at the battle of Antietam?
The Union found a copy of Lee’s army orders wrapped around some cigars- Revealed that Lee and Stonewall Jackson’s troops were split apart for the time being
On September 17, 1862, the Battle of Antietam became the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with 23-26,000 dead or wounded, Lee lost 25% of his army and retreated, and McClellan failed to pursue Lee
what/ who was Ben Butler’s Contraband of War Policy?
General Benjamin Butler stated that if slaves are, in fact, property and if this property is owned by any person in active rebellion against lawful Federal authority, then the U.S. military has every right to deny its use to any such person. Any slave that could be wrested from the Confederacy would, therefore, in a technical sense, become the property of the United States government.” contraband of war” described such escaped slaves.
what was the Emancipation Proclamation?
Issued January 1, 1863, Only applied to areas outside of Union control that was still in open rebellion, Significant because of its symbolic importance and because it gave a moral purpose to the Union cause. freed slaves from these outside areas.
what was Conscription?
Union: In 1863 all white men between 20-45 were drafted for 3 years, People could hire substitutes or pay a $300 fee to avoid conscription, 92% of the 2 million who served in the Union Army were volunteers, and180,000 of them were African American.
Confederacy: In 1862 all able-bodied white men between 18-35 were drafted, In 1864 all able-bodied white men between 17-50 were drafted, People could hire substitutes, People who owned 20 or more slaves were exempt, and 90% of eligible Southern men served in the army.
conscription is compulsory enlistment for state service, typically into the armed forces.
what was The 54th Massachusetts Regiment?
All black volunteer regiment commanded by Robert Gould Shaw, 2 of Frederick Douglass’ sons enlisted in the military and one served in the Mass 54th, the other in the 5th Massachusetts Cavalry. The regiment tried to take Ft. Wagner, SC, and 281 men were killed, including Shaw.
what was the Ft. Pillow Massacre?
In April 1864, 300 African American soldiers and white prisoners of war were executed by Confederates at Ft. Pillow, Tennessee. Confederate troops were led by Nathan Bedford Forrest, who became known as the “Butcher of Fort Pillow”. Forrest would later go on to become the first Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan.
what was the importance of the Nurses during the war?
Dorothea Dix became the first superintendent of women nurses. Introduced the idea of allowing women to enter the medical profession. Convinced the Union Army to create the nation’s first female nursing corps, which was under her control. As Superintendent she laid out guidelines for the recruitment of female Union nurses.
“Angel of the Battlefield” Clara Barton was a Union nurse who took care of the sick and wounded on the frontlines
Barton founded the American Red Cross in 1881.
what happened at the Battle of Chancellorsville?
May 1863, Chancellorsville, VA. Lee forced Union general Joseph Hooker to retreat, Stonewall Jackson was shot in the arm by a Confederate soldier who mistook him for a Yankee. His arm was amputated, but days later he died of pneumonia. Lee was able to cross the Potomac and move into Pennsylvania.
what happened at the battle of Gettysburg?
July 1-3, 1863, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Union Victory
23,000 Union casualties, 28,000 Confederate casualties, The turning point in the war.
what happened at the siege of Vicksburg?
Vicksburg, Mississippi was one of the only things in Grant’s way of having total control over the Mississippi River.
Grant laid siege to the city, bombarding it with artillery and starving its people, The city fell on July 4, 1863- Just one day after the Union won at Gettysburg.
Five days later, Port Hudson, the last Confederate holdout on the Mississippi River fell, cutting the Confederacy in two
what was the Gettysburg Address?
On November 19, 1863, Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg Address at a cemetery dedication ceremony held for those killed in the battle.
who was William T. Sherman?
Grant appointed William Tecumseh Sherman as commander of the Mississippi division
Total War: War involving attacks against civilians and their property. War of Attrition: Wearing down the Confederates through the constant attack.
what was Sherman’s March to the Sea?
Sherman’s Army occupied Atlanta, then burned most of it to the ground, Marched southeast through Georgia, creating a wide path of destruction, Took Savannah, then turned north, When they got to SC, they burned everything in their path.
