The Clinical Laboratory

Question 1

What does a clinical lab do?

Answer 1

Performs microscopic tests on body fluids and specimen

Question 2

What is Clinical Lab Improvement Amendment (CLIA ‘88)

Answer 2

Specifies minimum performance standrads for quality lab testing

Question 3

What is Centers for Medicare and Medlaid Services (CMS)

Answer 3

Implement rules from CLIA to all labs and need a certificate from this service to operate. Example: You need a waived test certificate to do wavied tests

Question 4

What is a Provider-Performed Microscopy Procedure

Answer 4

Certificate under CMS to perform microscopy procedures

Question 5

What is the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)

Answer 5

Oversees public healthcare matters; used ot be known as Healthcare Finanacing Admin (HCFA)

Question 6

What are Physician Office Laboratories (POL)

Answer 6

Labs in a physician’s office; perfoms various kinds of tests and makes up more than 50% of labs

Question 7

What is Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

Answer 7

Protection of personal info of patient

Question 8

How does HIPAA affect healthcare workers?

Answer 8

Limits certain infomation that can be told to some doctors

Question 9

What are reference laboratories

Answer 9

Labs that are privitaly owned; regional; high amount of tests dones; Large hospitals use them to perofrm hard tests and smaller ones use them to perform all tests

Question 10

What are Government Labs (Federal)

Answer 10

Main lab for public health system

Question 11

What is the laboratory response network (LRN)

Answer 11

CDC coordinates this; LRN makes sure labs are equipped to respond well to threats to public health

Question 12

What are Government Labs (State)

Answer 12

Labs operated by state’s deparmtnet of public helath. Perform tests based on state standreds. They do more unique testing like culture of fungi

Question 13

What are the 5 CLIA certificate categories

Answer 13

1. Certificate of Waiver - can do a waiver test
2. Certificate of PPMP (provider-performed microscopy procedure) - can do microscopy procedures
3. Registration certificate - Grants approval for tesint procedures
4. Certificate for complience - Lab listens to rules
5. Certificate of Accreditation - Means they have met best quality standred for testing

Question 14

What are some jobs in clinical lab?

Answer 14

1. Laboratory Director
2. Technical Supervisor & Laboratory Manager
3. General Supervisor and Department Head
4. Testing Personnel

Question 15

What is Laboratory Director?

Answer 15

Oversees Anatomical Pathology (has Autopsy service, cytology and histology) and Clinical Pathology

Question 16

What is Technical Supervisor & Laboratory Manager?

Answer 16

Trains people, and operates lab. Provides up-to-date instructions for procedures (AKA: Standread OPerating Procedure SOP mannual)

Question 17

What is General Supervisor and Department Head

Answer 17

Evaluates quality and performance of work

Question 18

What is Testing personnel

Answer 18

Performs lab analysis

Question 19

What are the departmetns of Clinical Lab?

Answer 19

1. Hematology
2. Immunology
3. Blood bank/ Transfusion services or Immunohemetology
4. Microbiology (Bacteriology, Parasitology and Virology and Mycology)
5. Clinical Chemistry

Question 20

What is Hematology

Answer 20

Sutdy of cellular parts of blood

Question 21

What are some tests done in Hematology department

Answer 21

Quantitative: # of cells in blood
Qualitative: Size/shape/maturity of cell

Question 22

What are some tests done in Immunology department

Answer 22

Pregnancy, sexual transmmission virus and autoimmune diseases

Question 23

What is Blood bank/ Transfusion services or Immunohemetology

Answer 23

Helps with blood trnasfusions

Question 24

What are some tests done in Blood bank deparmtneet

Answer 24

N/A, but they help find your ABO group and Ph type

Question 25

What is Microbiology

Answer 25

Making and finding microorganisms

Question 26

Wht are the subdeparmtents of Microbiology

Answer 26

Bacteriology - Growing bacterai to identify treatment Virology - Study of virus Mycology - Study of fungi Parasitology - Study of living organisms in your body that live off of you

Question 27

What are some tests done in Microbiology

Answer 27

Seperating bacteria from human fluid Culture of fungi and bacteria To see if there's any parasite antigens in feces

Question 28

What is Clinical Chemistry

Answer 28

Focuses on qualitative tests

Question 29

What are some tests done in Clinical Chemistry

Answer 29

Tests on plasma, serum, urine and bodily fluids

Question 30

What are Laboratory Support Services

Answer 30

A lab request form taht must be filled out before testing begains

Question 31

What are Phlebotomists?

Answer 31

People taht collect blood specimen

Question 32

What are advantages of lab infomation systems?

Answer 32

● Elimination of charting errors ● Improved efficiency ● Automatic identification of abnormal or unusual test results ● Matching of patient specimens to test results ● Prevention of unauthorized testing and reporting

Question 33

What is Lab Inform system?

Answer 33

Speciment labeled will have a bar code that links it to a patient with a wristband

Question 34

What is proficiency testing?

Answer 34

Tests to see how good a laboratory performs with moderate-high complexity tests

Question 35

How do Labs become accredited?

Answer 35

Invite an accrediting agency to determine if standrads are being meant

Question 36

American Association of Blood Banks (AABB)

Answer 36

Sets blood bank stnadreds and promotes high stnadreds of performance in transfusion medicine

Question 37

anticoagulant

Answer 37

Substancee & chemicals that prevents blood coagulation

Question 38

bacteriology

Answer 38

Study of bacteria

Question 39

blood bank

Answer 39

Department of clinical science or fridge that stores the blood

Question 40

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Answer 40

Central lab for national public health system

Question 41

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)

Answer 41

The agency that is responsible for implementing CLIA (is in the Department Health and Human Services)

Question 42

Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)

Answer 42

NPO that sets standards and practices for best practice for clinical labs

Question 43

Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA ’88)

Answer 43

Federal act that specific minimum performance standards for clinical labs

Question 44

coagulation

Answer 44

liquid state to semi solid state forming a blood clot

Question 45

College of American Pathologists (CAP)

Answer 45

offers accreditation for labs

Question 46

COLA

Answer 46

Offers accreditation for healthcare facilities

Question 47

Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)

Answer 47

Government agency that oversees public healthcare matters

Question 48

electronic health record (EHR)

Answer 48

Portable electronic patient health record

Question 49

electronic medical record (EMR)

Answer 49

digital chart where people receive treatment

Question 50

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Answer 50

Division of Department of Health and Human Services that protects public health by double checking the safety of food, drugs, cosmetics, biological products and

Question 51

Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA)

Answer 51

Old name for Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services

Question 52

hematology

Answer 52

the study of blood and the blood-forming tissues

Question 53

HIPAA

Answer 53

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 -> protect the healthcare info of patient

Question 54

immunohematology

Answer 54

sutdy of human blood groups

Question 55

immunology

Answer 55

Study of immune processes and immunity

Question 56

Joint Commission (JC)

Answer 56

Accredits hosptials and large healthcare facilities

Question 57

Laboratory Response Network (LRN)

Answer 57

Public/priviate labs creaated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention witht the ability to do rapid testing

Question 58

microbiology

Answer 58

Branch in biology that studies microbes

Question 58

mycology

Answer 58

study of fungi

Question 59

National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS)

Answer 59

Old name for Clinical Lab Standrads INstitute

Question 60

pathologist

Answer 60

Physician trained in the nature and cause of disease

Question 61

phlebotomist

Answer 61

Healthcare worker trained in blood collection

Question 62

physician office laboratory (POL)

Answer 62

lab located in a physicians office, group practice or clinic

Question 63

plasma

Answer 63

where blood cells are suspended; liquid part of blood

Question 64

point-of-care testing (POCT)

Answer 64

testing outside tradtional lab setting

Question 65

proficiency testing (PT)

Answer 65

A programs where they test labs accurancy when testing specimen; evaltuated at regular intervals; compared to perofmance of similar labs

Question 66

Provider-Performed Microscopy Procedure (PPMP)

Answer 66

Certificate category in CLIA '88 that allows labs to perform certains tests depending on how high the certificate is

Question 67

quality assessment (QA)

Answer 67

program that monitors testing process to provide highest quality care

Question 68

reference laboratory

Answer 68

independant regional lab that offers special testing services to hosptials and physicians