the cold war and international relation Flashcards
what happened at Yalta 1945
the Big Three agreed that after Germany’s unconditional surrender, it would be divided into four post-war occupation zones, controlled by U.S., British, French and Soviet military forces. Nazi war criminals would be tracked down and made to pay for their crimes
why was the situation different at the Potsdam conference
the war was almost over so there was less pressure to show a united front
soviet forces controlled most of eastern Europe so Stalin had the strongest bargaining position
what was the marshal plan
George Marshall who was sent over to Europe to see how bad the situation was after the war he concluded an aid program of 12 billion dollars was needed to rebuild Europe
what was the berlin blockade
when Stalin blocked supply lines to west berlin hoping that the USA would withdraw
what was NATO
North Atlantic treaty organization
the western powers met in Washington DC and signed an agreement that if any one of the powers were attacked all of the rest of the powers would help defeat the attackers
why was the USA to blame for the cold war
the creation of NATO
Marshall aid
why was the Ussr to blame for the cold war
berlin blockade
takeover of eastern Europe
soviet sphere of influence
what was the berlin wall crisis
On 13 August 1961, the Soviet authorities in East Germany sealed off East Berlin – their zone of occupation - by constructing a huge barbed wire barrier. This was soon replaced by a concrete wall, complete with lookout towers and armed guards who had orders to shoot anyone trying to cross into the Western sector.
what was the cuban missile crisis
The Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962 was a direct and dangerous confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War and was the moment when the two superpowers came closest to nuclear conflict.
what was the Manchurian crisis
in 1931-1933 Japanese rail tracks were destroyed in an explosion. Claiming that it was saboteurs, the Japanese responded with force, taking control of the Chinese province of Manchuria. The issue was investigated by the League of Nations which found Japan to be at fault.
what was the Abyssinian crisis
December 1934: a dispute between Italian forces and Abyssinian soldiers took place in Abyssinia. Italy invaded. Haile Selassie (Abyssinian Emperor) appealed to the League. January-October 1935: Mussolini negotiates with League, whilst sending troops to Abyssinia. Britain and France do nothing.
what was the paris peace conference 1919
wilson, lloyd george and clemencau created the treaty of versailles after world war one which included war guilt- germany taking the blame reperations- germany paying 6.6 billion. the rhineland being demilitarised they also created the league of nations which germany was forced to join
what was the iron curtain and Truman doctrine.
Iron curtain- march 5th 1946 Winston Churchill made a speech in the USA saying that Europe had an iron curtain along it separating the communists form the rest of Europe
Truman doctrine-President Truman believed that countries could either become communist and live under restrictions and oppression, or become democracies where they could prosper and have free elections.
