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GCSE History 💀 > The Cold War - Basically Everything! > Flashcards

The Cold War - Basically Everything! Flashcards

1
Q

What 4 keys events happened at the end of World War 2?

A
  • America dropped 2 atomic bombs on Japan
  • Tensions grew between ussr and USA
  • Hitler’s 3rd reich came to an end
  • Yalta and Potsdam conferences were held
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2
Q

When was the Yalta conference and what was discussed?

A

Yalta was held in Feb 1945, big 3 attended. Very successful especially for Stalin as he got most of what he wanted. Decisions made were Big 3 joining the UN, Germany to be divided into 4 zones (Br, Fr, Us and Rus). USSR against Japan when Germany surrenders

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3
Q

When was the Potsdam conference and what was discussed?

A

Held in July-August 1945, Big 3 attended. More disagreements, Russia wanted to cripple Germany but USA didn’t want repeat of ToV. Japan surrender terms agreed, Nuremburg trials held and Germany demilitarized and disarmed. Tensions grew between USSR and USA

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4
Q

What are ‘Salami Tactics’?

A

During 1946-1947, Stalin made his way through Europe making countries communist. He gained control ovre Albania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Poland, Hungary and Romania.

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5
Q

What was the Iron Curtain?

A

A figure of speech used by Winston Churchill to describe the actions of the communists in their quarter of Germany.

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6
Q

When did the Berlin Blockade start?

A

23rd June 1948

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7
Q

Why did Stalin start the Berlin Blockade?

A

He was jealous of the development the Capitalist German quarters were making as they combined their zones.

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8
Q

When did the Berlin Blockade end?

A

12th May 1949

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9
Q

Why did Stalin end the blockade?

A

America and Britain were airdropping supplies and America had the upper hand with the Atomic bomb

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10
Q

What did Stalin do during the Berlin Blockade to get West Berliners to come to the other side?

A

He cut off their electricity and promised them extra rations if they moved to the east

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11
Q

What is NATO and when was it established?

A

The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation was set up on April 4th 1949

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12
Q

Which countries were part of NATO and what was it’s purpose?

A

Belgium, Canada, France, Luxembourg, UK, USA. Purpose was to unify and strengthen the West’s military power in case of an attack from the USSR

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13
Q

What was the Warsaw Treaty Organisation and which countries were part of it?

A

The Warsaw Treaty Organisation (est. 1955) was set up to unify the East in case of an attack from the West. USSR, Poland, Albania, Romania, Hungary

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14
Q

When did the USSR detonate their first atomic bomb?

A

1949

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15
Q

When did the USA develop a hydrogen bomb? When was this achieved by the USSR?

A

USA- Nov 1952

USSR- Aug 1953

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16
Q

When did the USSR put the first satellite into space? When did the USA achieve this?

A

USSR- oct 1957

USA- Jan 1958

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17
Q

What did American intelligence develop in 1956?

A

The U2 spy plane

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18
Q

What is MAD? (Mutually assured destruction)

A

When both the USSR and USA had enough nukes to completely obliterate each other

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19
Q

What happened in 1957 in Norfolk?

A

A US B47 bomber crashed

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20
Q

When was the Korea war? Why did the USA get involved?

A

1950-1953

USA got involved with S Korea to help with containment

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21
Q

What is Maos domino theory?

A

The idea that as one Asian country falls to communism, all other surrounding ones will too

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22
Q

When was the Berlin Wall put in place?

A

1961

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23
Q

When did the Berlin Wall collapse?

A

1989

24
Q

In the 1950’s, who ruled Cuba? What was their dictatorship like?

A

Batista, his dictatorship was corrupt with a wealthy upper class, poverty, drugs and mass execution

25
Q

What 2 main Cuban industries did the USA invest in?

A

Sugar and tobacco

26
Q

Was Batista pro or anti Communism?

A

Anti, which is why American kept close with Cuba

27
Q

What happened in 1959 in Cuba?

A

A young Communist called Fidel Castro led a guerilla warfare against Batista since 1956 and had overthrown Batista.

28
Q

What did Castro do in 1959?

A

He formed close links between Cuba and the USSR

29
Q

What was the Bay of Pigs fiasco?

A

The failed American attempt of overthrowing Communism in Cuba

30
Q

When was the Bay of Pigs?

A

April 1961

31
Q

How many troops were involved in the Bay of Pigs fiasco?

A

1400 para military troops, 20,000 killed or captured

32
Q

Describe the chain of events in the Cuban Missile Crisis

A

14th Oct 62- U2 spy plane captures images of Cuba, 1th Oct confirms that there are medium range missiles on there. JFK calls Ex-Comm meeting on 16th, but images taken on 19th show more missile sites are being set up. On Sun 21st, JFK rules out 1st strike by USA and announces live on TV on mon 22nd to say that Cuba is quarantined. 25 Soviet ships approach Cuba on Weds 24th, but USA has set up a blockade. Fri 26th- Khrushchev tells JFK that he will remove missiles if USA didn’t invade Cuba and removed their missiles in Turkey. On Sat 27th Oct, Castro’s troops shot down a U2 spy plane. JFK in bunker worries he is responsible for death of 300 million in 24 hours. Sunday 28th Oct- Radio Moscow announced that Soviets would remove missiles first.

33
Q

Why did the USA get involved in Vietnam?

A

The US Congress said that the solution to the Gulf of Tonkin was to take ‘all measures necessary’

34
Q

What was the Gulf of Tonkin incident?

A

When in Aug 1964, N. Viet patrol boats opened fire on US ships in the Gulf of Tonkin

35
Q

When was Vietnam split into North and South?

A

1954

36
Q

How much did the US Gov. offer to the S. Vietnamese Gov?

A

$1.6 Billion!

37
Q

What was the North Vietnamese army called and who was their leader?

A

The Viet Cong were led by Ho Chi MInh

38
Q

By 1964, how many troops had been sent in to fight in the Vietnam War?

A

23,500

39
Q

What date did America officially enter war with Vietnam?

A

8th March 1965

40
Q

What happened on 8th March 1965?

A

America went to war with Vietnam and 3,500 troops landed on shore at Da Nang

41
Q

What kind of warfare did the Viet Cong use?

A

Guerilla Warfare

42
Q

What was Operation Rolling Thunder?

A

The extensive bombing raids on military targets in N. Vietnam

43
Q

What were Search and Destroy missions?

A

When American troops would take a helicopter to a village and kill everyone they found

44
Q

What chemical weapons did the USA use?

A

Napalm- Burned skin through to bone

Agent Orange- highly toxic weed killer

45
Q

What are the issues with the American tactics?

A

Innocent villagers were killed

46
Q

What tactics did the Viet Cong use?

A

No uniform, had women in their army, Ho Chi Minh trail, booby traps, camoflague

47
Q

Why were Viet Cong tactics useful?

A

Americans were inexperienced with guerilla warfare and were killed by booby traps

48
Q

When was the My Lai massacre?

A

March 1968

49
Q

What happened at the My Lai massacre?

A

A group of soldiers called Charlie Company went to My Lai and killed between 300 and 400 inncoent children and old men. This was treated as a success. 12 months later a magazine was told the truth and a protest of 700,000 took place in Washington.

50
Q

What happened at Ken State University in May 1970?

A

A peaceful protest was held but Nixon’s troops opened fire and killed 4, 2 which were students

51
Q

When and how did the Vietnam war end?

A

Ended in 1973 with the 1973 Peace Deal. US troops left immediately and S. Vietnam chose their own future

52
Q

What were the casualty numbers for the USA and Vietnam?

A

USA- 58,119 killed, 153,303 wounded

Vietnam- 2-4 million civillians killed

53
Q

What is detente?

A

A US policy where they would try to better relations with Communist countries

54
Q

What happened to the Eastern Bloc in 1989?

A

It fell to the Americans due to revolutions.

55
Q

Why was Russia running out of money in the 1990’s?

A

They were also at war with Afghanistan.

56
Q

What happened with the Russians in 1991?

A

The Russians fragmented, so America was left as the dominant superpower.

GCSE History 💀 (3 decks)

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