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U6-Cold War Test > The Cold War Unfolds (30.1) > Flashcards

The Cold War Unfolds (30.1) Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 great powers remained after WW2?

A

US and USSR

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2
Q

How long did the cold war shadow the world

A

Over 40 years

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3
Q

Where did the cold war-confrontation begin?

A

Europe

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4
Q

What did each power form? What did they do?

A

Euro Military Alliances that occupied+protected

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5
Q

What was the US alliance called? What part of Europe was this? What year was this created?

A

NATO which was WESTERN EUROPE. Created in 1949

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6
Q

What was the USSR alliance called? What part of Europe was this? What year was this created?

A

Warsaw Pact which was EASTERN EUROPE. Created in 1955

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7
Q

Where did they face each other?

A

Along the iron curtain

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8
Q

What did each side stand for?

A

Communist East, Democratic West

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9
Q

Where was the main focus of tension in Cold War?

A

Berlin

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10
Q

What did West Berlin become a showcase for?

A

West German Prosperity

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11
Q

Where did unhappy communists from East Germany go?

A

They fled to West Berlin.

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12
Q

What did East Germany do to stop the flight? What year?

A

Built a wall in 1961 to seal off West Berlin

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13
Q

What did the wall show?

A

Showed Workers far from paradise had to be forced to not flee

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14
Q

Where did revolts against Soviet Union domination in Eastern Germany happen?

A

Poland, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia.

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15
Q

Where did one of the earlier revolts occur?

A

East Berlin

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16
Q

In 1953 how many people confronted the Soviet Army and where?

A

Over 50,000 workers confronted SU army in German Capital

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17
Q

What happened because of the revolt? Were they able to stand up to the Soviet tanks?

A

It spread to other countries, but they were not match against the tanks.

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18
Q

In 1956, how did the Eastern European people challenge USSR and where?

A

Challenged them with economic reforms in Poland and Hungary

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19
Q

What were the poles responding to?

A

Responding to soviet backed mass arrests of non-communist leaders and government seizures of private land and industry

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20
Q

What did Hungary leader Imre Nagy try to do?

A

He ended one-party rule and tried to get out of the Warsaw Pact

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21
Q

What did the Soviet Union do in response to Hungary?

A

They launched an massive assault that overwhelmed resistance and then executed Nagy.

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22
Q

In 1968 what did Czechoslovakian leader Alexander Ducek introduce? What was the blossoming of freedom known as?

A

He introduced greater freedom of expression and limited democracy. This was called “Prague Spring”

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23
Q

What did the Soviet Leaders fear because of the prague summer?

A

Feared democracy would threaten communist power.

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24
Q

What did the Warsaw Pact Troops launch on Czechoslovakia

A

Launched invasion on Czechoslovakia in August to put an end to the freedoms

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25
Q

What was one of the most terrifying aspects of the Cold War?

A

The Arms Race after WW2

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26
Q

At first who was the only nuclear power? Then what happened in 1949.

A

At first, US was the only nuclear power, but then in 1949 the Soviet Union developed nuclear weapons

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27
Q

What did both sides develop in 1953?

A

The hydro bomb which were more destructive than atomic bombs

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28
Q

What did some think the nuclear war would do?

A

Destroy both the US and USSR

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29
Q

What was the result of both sides racing each other to match each others weapons?

A

Balance of Terror

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30
Q

What did the worlds people fear?

A

Lived in constant fear of nuclear doom

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31
Q

What did the two sides do to reduce the threat of nuclear war?

A

The two sides met in disarmament talks

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32
Q

What slowed the progress?

A

The distrust.

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33
Q

In 1969 what did the US+USSR begin?

A

Began SALT to limit number of nuclear weapons held by each side

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34
Q

When did they sign these agreements?

A

1972 and 1979

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35
Q

What did one of the agreements limit and why?

A

One limited Anti Ballistic Missiles because they were seen as a threat to balance of terror due to the fact that while it protected one side, it would provoke another. Also seen as tech that could potentially renew arms race

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36
Q

During the 1980s what did president Ronald Reagan launch? What did critics think?

A

He launched a program to build a “Star Wars” missile defense against nuclear attack. Critics thought it would violate ABM treaty.

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37
Q

What did the US+USSR sign in 1991?

A

START

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38
Q

What did the agreements lead to in the 1970s?

A

détente

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39
Q

What was the American strategy during détente?

A

They tried to restrain the Soviet Union through diplomatic agreements rather than by military means.

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40
Q

When and Why did détente end?

A

It ended in 1979 when the USSR invaded afghanistan

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41
Q

Who else had developed there own nuclear weapons in the 1960s? What did world leaders try to keep?

A

China, Britain, and France. They tried to keep the arms race from spreading any further.

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42
Q

What did many nations sign in 1968

A

NPT

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43
Q

What would the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty do?

A

It had the nations that signed it agree not to develop nuclear weapons to stop the spread of them.

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44
Q

Where did the cold war begin, and where did it spread?

A

Began in Central Europe and now spread to the whole world

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45
Q

When WW2 ended, who were the Soviet Union assisting?

A

They were assisting communist forces in China and Korea

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46
Q

What did the American Leaders see?

A

They saw that the US faced a conflict as global as the two world wars.

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47
Q

What did the US do as part of its strategy to contain Soviet Power?

A

Reached out to the world diplomatically and militarily

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48
Q

What alliance was, along with other European democracies only one of several region of alliances?

A

NATO

49
Q

What alliance did the US form in 1955? Who was in it?

A

Formed SEATO with US, France, Britain, Australia, Pakistan, Thailand, New Zealand, and Philippines

50
Q

Who was in the CENTO alliance?

A

Britain, Turkey, Iran, and Pakistan.

51
Q

Who did the US form military alliances with?

A

South Korea and Japan

52
Q

What two governments did the Soviet Union form alliances with?

A

Asia and Africa

53
Q

Who had an alliance with the Soviet Union from 1949-1960?

A

Communist China

54
Q

What were the allies of the USSR called?

A

Soviet bloc

55
Q

Unlike the Soviets, what did America establish all over the globe?

A

Army, Navy and Air Force bases.

56
Q

By the end of the Cold War, what did the Soviets face?

A

They faced the military nightmare of encirclement by an enemy.

57
Q

What spread across Europe, Asia, North America and the Pacific Islands?

A

American army camps, naval stations and air force bases.

58
Q

Who patrolled the world’s oceans?

A

American fleets

59
Q

What played into the war?

A

Local Conflicts

60
Q

What often happened?

A

US + there allies supported one side while USSR + allies (soviet bloc) supported the other

61
Q

How did the superpowers confront each other?

A

They confronted each other indirectly rather than head to head.

62
Q

What added to the cold war tensions?

A

Political Shifts

63
Q

Where did communist forces win control of and when?

A

They won control of China’s mainland in 1949

64
Q

What did the US fear?

A

Feared that a communistic tide would sweep around the world

65
Q

What european colonies demanded independence?

A

Africa and Asia

66
Q

As colonies battled for independence what happened?

A

Liberation leaders and guerrillas sought out help from one Cold War power or the other

67
Q

On occasion what did the Cold War erupt into? and where especially?

A

Shooting Wars especially in Asia

68
Q

What two places were torn by brutal conflict? Who played crucial roles in it?

A

Korea and Vietnam were torn by brutal conflict and the USA, USSR, and China played a huge role in this.

69
Q

What did the superpowers provide and to who?

A

They provided weapons, training or aid to opposing forces in Africa, Asia, and Latin America

70
Q

Where is Cuba located?

A

90 miles of the coast of Florida

71
Q

Who did the most serious conflict in the Western Hemisphere involve?

A

Cuba

72
Q

In the 1950s, who in Cuba organized and armed rebellion and for what reason?

A

Fidel Castro organized an armed rebellion against the corrupt dictator who ruled cuba

73
Q

What was this transformation called in Cuba?

A

Cuban Revolution

74
Q

Who did castro seek support from?

A

Soviet Union

75
Q

What did Castro do in Cuba?

A

Nationalized businesses, put land under government control, and restricted Cuban freedoms

76
Q

What happened to critics of this new regime?
(CUBA)

A

They were jailed or silence and hundreds of thousands fled to Florida.

77
Q

What did the US attempt to do?

A

Bring down the communist regime next door.

78
Q

In 1961, what did JFK approve?

A

He approved an invasion attempt by US trained cuban exiles.

79
Q

Why did the US care about Cuba?

A

We cared because Cuba is 90 miles from Florida which is close to us.

80
Q

What was this invasion called? Did it succeed

A

The Bay of Pigs invasion, known for the bay where invaders came ashore in Cuba, quickly ended in failure after Castro’s forces captured the invaders

81
Q

What did the US impose that still remains in affect today?

A

A trading embargo

82
Q

In 1962, what did the Soviet Union send to Cuba?

A

They sent missiles to Cuba

83
Q

How did President Kennedy respond?

A

He imposed a naval blockade that prevented further shipments from USSR

84
Q

What did Kennedy demand?

A

He demanded the removal of these missiles from Cuba

85
Q

What did the world face these few tense days?

A

Risk of Nuclear War over this issue

86
Q

Finally, what did the Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev agree to?

A

He agreed to remove the missiles so war was averted.

87
Q

What did the victory in WW2 bring to the soviet people?

A

Few rewards

88
Q

What did Stalin continue with?

A

Continued with his rude policies. He filled camps with enemies of the state.

89
Q

What did Stalin seem ready to do? What happened?

A

He seemed ready for another purge but he died in 1953

90
Q

In USSR, who controlled most aspects of public life?

A

Government

91
Q

What did communists value?

A

Obedienece, discipline, and economic security.

92
Q

What did they seek to spread around the globe?

A

There communist command economy and there communist ideology in general

93
Q

In command economy who made most of the decisions and what for what reasons did they make these decisions?

A

The government bureaus made the decisions and they made their decisions for political reasons that did not make much economic sense

94
Q

Who owns the property?

A

Government

95
Q

Who rose to power after Stalin died

A

Nikita Khrushchev

96
Q

In 1956 what did Nikita do that shocked Communist Party Members

A

Denounced Stalin’s abuse of power

97
Q

What did Khrushchev maintain? What did he change?

A

He maintained the communist party’s political control but he closed prison camps and eased censorship

98
Q

What did he want with the west?

A

Peaceful Relations

99
Q

Who held power in the 1960s?

A

Leonid Brezhnev

100
Q

What did critics face under him?
(Leonid)

A

Arrest and Imprisonment

101
Q

What did some do despite the risk of punishment?

A

Some courageous people dared to criticize the government

102
Q

Who was Andrey Sakharov?

A

He was a distinguished Soviet scientist that spoke out for civil liberties. He got silenced, then he was sent to a prison camp, released, then exiled.

103
Q

The cold war was not only a military rivalry…what was it also?

A

It was also a competition between two contracting economic and political value systems

104
Q

What did the US give to their citizens?

A

Gave them the freedom to make there own economic and political choices.

105
Q

What is a free market like?

A

-Producers+Consumers make the economic decisions
-Property is privately owned

106
Q

What was the USA’s basic policy towards communist countries?

A

containment

107
Q

What did this strategy mean?

A

Supporting any gov facing invasion, or internal rebellion

108
Q

What was created in the US due to the nuclear threat?

A

Fallout Shelters

109
Q

What did the US gov launch in 1961

A

They launched a community fallout shelter program to create fallout shelters in public and commercial buildings, stocked with 2-weeks worth of food.

110
Q

In 1962, what did people start to do?

A

Due to the CMC, people started to build shelters in there own backyards

111
Q

During the 1950s-1970s what did they conduct at schools?

A

They conducted air raid drills where kids would hide under their desks to try to save themselves.

112
Q

In the 1940s-1950s, what did the Cold War lead to in the US

A

A red scare.

113
Q

In 1950, what did McCarthy lead a hunt for? What did he become notorious for?

A

He led a hunt for American communists (mostly focused on military people and state department people) and was notorious for UNPROVEN charges

114
Q

What was McCarthyism?

A

Accusing innocent people of communism and the fear that this created.

115
Q

When did McCarthys influence fade?

A

Faded after he attacked the patriotism of the US army.

116
Q

What did getting blacklisted mean?

A

You were basically cancelled and your life would be RUINED

117
Q

What did HUAC lead? What was special about the members?

A

They led a similar campaign that identified supposed communist sympathizers. The members that made this up were apart of the HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

118
Q

In 1947 who did they look to expose?

A

They exposed communist sympathizers in Hollywood Movies

U6-Cold War Test (4 decks)

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