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history- Conflict & Tension 1918-1939 (part 2) > The collapse of the League > Flashcards

The collapse of the League Flashcards

6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6.

1
Q

by 1933, how many American’s were unemployed?

A

around 15 million

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2
Q

how did the Great Depression affect the League of Nations?

A
  • Hitler & Mussolini were not afraid to use violence to get what they wanted
  • the League had to have an army to fight aggressive dictators
  • the League would have to ask its members to fight but countries did not want the expense of a war
  • the only sanctions the League could impose were economic
  • in a time of economic crisis, countries were not willing to stop trading with other countries- this would create more unemployment and hurt their own people
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3
Q

when did the Manchurian crisis occur?

A

September 1931

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4
Q

where is Manchuria?

A

a region of China on the North-Eastern coast

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5
Q

what was so important about the area of Manchuria?

A
  • rich in natural resources
  • coal & iron ore
  • fertile farmland
  • industry
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6
Q

why did Japan want Manchuria?

A
  • Japan was suffering in the Great Depression
  • much of its economy was based on exporting silk to rich countries like the USA
  • silk- luxury item- people cut back on luxuries when their families were starving
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7
Q

by 1932 how much was silk in Japan worth?

A

1/5 of what it had been sold for in the early 1920s

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8
Q

why did Manchuria seem like a good place to invade?

A
  • geographically close to Japan
  • Japanese army was strong
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9
Q

the Japanese generals killed the warlord in Manchuria in what year?

A

1928

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9
Q

what happened on 18th September 1931?

A

there was an explosion on the South Manchurian Railway

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9
Q

in what year did the Japanese army murder its prime minister?

A

1932

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9
Q

what date exactly was the Manchuria crisis?

A

18th September 1931

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9
Q

what did the Japanese army claim about the explosion on the South Manchurian Railway?

A

the train had been attacked by Chinese soldiers who had also shot at the railway guards

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9
Q

how did the Chinese respond to these claims?

A

they denied it & said their soldiers had been asleep at the time

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9
Q

what were the Japanese army called?

A

Kwantung army

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10
Q

in 1932 what did Japan rename Manchuria as?

A

Manchukuo

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11
Q

who did the Japanese put as the ruler of Manchukuo?

A

Pu YI- an ex- Chinese emperor who had been thrown out of power in 1911- in charge as a puppet ruler- this meant Japan could control him

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12
Q

why were Britain and France reluctant to act upon the Manchuria crisis?

A
  • China and Japan were far removed from the League’s headquarters in Switzerland
  • Britain & France felt that the incident was too far away to be any real concern
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13
Q

why were the League reluctant to act upon the Manchuria crisis: (confusion) ?

A
  • Japan was a powerful member of the League- Japan claimed China had attacked them first- there was lots of confusion about the attack and people believed Japan due to them being powerful and not wanting to get involved
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14
Q

why were the League reluctant to act upon the Manchuria crisis: (Chinese politics)?

A
  • China’s politics were disorganised
  • many members of the League felt it was a good thing that Japan was trying to introduce order in the region
15
Q

why was there little the League could do once they issued Japan a moral condemnation?

A
  • members of the League could not afford to send troops so far away to fight someone else’s battles
  • the League could issue Japan economic sanctions so that members would stop trading with Japan but Japan’s main trader was the USA- not a member of the League
16
Q

who was the Commission of Inquiry led by?

A

a British politician called Lord Lytton

17
Q

when was the Lytton report published?

A

October 1932

18
Q

what did Japan do in regards to the League?

A

they left it

19
Q

what happened in February 1933?

A

the Japanese invaded Jehol- another Chinese region

20
Q

what happened in 1937?

A

Japan invaded the rest of China

21
Q

by what year were most major Chinese cities controlled by the Japanese army?

A

1938

22
Q

what year did Mussolini gain power?

A

1922

23
Q

what year did Mussolini invade Abyssinia?

A

1935

24
Q

what is Abyssinia called today?

A

Ethiopia

25
Q

why did Mussolini want Abyssinia?

A
  • he thought the invasion would be easy- Italy already owned small colonies bordering such as Eritrea & Somaliland- could build bases in these countries & launch his attack from there
  • Abyssinia was rich in natural resources and had good land for grazing animals- good for the Italian economy
  • he believed the League would not do anything as the Corfu crisis in 1923 did not have severe repercussions
26
Q

in what year was the Stresa Front signed?

A

1935

27
Q

what was the Stresa Front?

A

an agreement made between Italy, France and Britain- they would unite against Hitler

28
Q

what happened in December 1934?

A

Italian soldiers clashed with Abyssianians at Wal Wal- an oasis on the border between Abyssinia and Somaliland

29
Q

how many Abyssinians were killed at Wal Wal?

A

150

30
Q

how many Italian soldiers were killed at Wal Walk?

A

2

31
Q

what happened in January 1935?

A

the French foreign minister- Pierre Laval met with Mussolini and made a number of secret agreements

32
Q

what were some of the agreements Laval made with Mussolini?

A
  • France promised Italy not to interfere in Somaliland and Eritrea
  • gave Italy land in Chas
  • Laval promised to let Mussolini deal with Abyssinia however he saw fit
33
Q

what date did Mussolini’s troops enter Abyssinia on?

A

3rd October 1935

34
Q

what did the Italians use to invade and hurt the people of Abyssinia?

A
  • the latest technology
  • bombed the tribal villages of Abyssinia
  • used chemical weapons
35
Q

who was the Abyssinian emperor?

A

Haile Selassie

36
Q

what date did Haile Selassie address the League?

A

30th June 1935

37
Q

what date did Mussolini take the Abyssinian capital?

A

5th May 1936

38
Q

what was the Abyssinian capital called?

A

Addis Ababa

39
Q

why did the League fail in Abyssinia: (failure to close the Suez Canal)?

A
  • was built to connect the Mediterranean and the Red Sea
  • owned by the British & the French- they could travel to Eastern Africa/ Asia without having to go all the way around the Cape of Africa
  • they could have closed the Canal to stop Mussolini moving troops & supplies to invade Abyssinia but they did not as they wanted to avoid upsetting Mussolini
  • they were worried Mussolini would unite with Hitler so they tried to keep him on their side
40
Q

why did the League fail in Abyssinia: the Hoare-Laval Pact?

A
  • Britain (Pierre Laval) & France (Samuel Hoare)- came up with a settlement to offer Italy
  • December 1935- met in secret & agreed Italy would be given areas in Abyssinia
  • Abyssinia would be reduced to 1/2 its size- the land it would keep would be mainly mountainous regions- Italy would gain the fertile lands
  • the land was not theirs to give & they did not discuss it with Italy or Abyssinia
  • it proved Britain & France were willing to undermine the League for their own good
41
Q

why did the League fail in Abyssinia: trade sanctions against Abyssinia?

A
  • League banned members from selling arms to Abyssinia as well as to Italy
  • Abyssinia were left with nothing to defend itself against Mussolini’s modern army
42
Q

in what year did Italy leave the League of Nations?

A

May 1936

history- Conflict & Tension 1918-1939 (part 2) (3 decks)

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