The Conditions

Question 1

Pulmonary TB

Answer 1

Caused by = Tuberculosis
Affect= cells of the immune system form a wall around the bacteria causing large lumps called tubercles. The infected tissue within the bacteria dies and damaged the exchange surface causing FIBROSIS
Decreases tidal volume and rate of gas exchange & increased ventilation rate.

Question 2

Symptoms of TB

Answer 2

Chest pain. Shortness of breath. Coughing up blood. Fatigue

Question 3

Fibrosis

Answer 3

Formation of scar tissue as a result of infection or dust/asbestos

Question 4

Fibrosis affect

Answer 4

Faster ventilation rate to oxygenate blood. Scar tissue is thick and less elastic so increases diffusion pathway and lungs are less able to expand so it can’t HOLD as much air reducing rate of gas tidal volume of FVC

Question 5

Symptoms of FIBROSIS

Answer 5

Shortness of breath. Dry cough. Fatigue . Chest pain

Question 6

Emphysema causes

Answer 6

Caused by smoking or air pollution which causes INFLAMMATION attracting phagocytes that break down elastin in the walks of the alveoli

Question 7

Affect Emphysema

Answer 7

Loss of elastin means absolutely cannot recoil to expel air and damages the aveolar walls reducing SA and rate of gas exchange

Question 8

Symptoms EMPHEYSEMA

Answer 8

Wheezing shortness of breath increased ventilation rate

Question 9

Asthma causes

Answer 9

Caused by inflamed airways & allergic reactions to dust / pollen

Question 10

Affect ASTHMA

Answer 10

in an asthma attack the smooth muscle lining of the BRONCHIOLES contract secreting mucus. As a result the airways are constricted and air in and out of the lungs are reduced. Making it hard to breath. Reducing FEV

Question 11

Symptoms

Answer 11

Wheezing tight chest & shortness of breath