The contemporary world Flashcards
(28 cards)
refers to time- space compressions (Harvey, 1989).
Globalization
refers to the integration of the world-economy (Glipin, 2001).
Globalization
is the de-territorialization – or ….the growth of supraterritorial relations
between people (Scholte, 2002)
Globalization
is the inexorable integration of markets, transportation systems, and
communication systems to a degree never witnessed before – in a way that is enabling
corporations, countries, and individuals to reach around the world farther, faster,
deeper, and cheaper than ever before, and in a way that is enabling the world to reach
into corporations, countries, and individuals farther, faster, deeper, and cheaper than
ever before (Friedman, 1999).
Globalization
refers to the worldwide intensification of interactions and increased
movement of money, people, goods, and ideas within and across national borders
(Guest, 2017).
Globalization
the rapid
innovation of communication and transportation technologies has transformed the way we
think about space (distances) and time.
Time space compression
reflects the fact that advances in transportation and communication
have enabled companies to move their production facilities and activities around the world
in search of cheaper labor, lower taxes, and fewer environmental regulations— in other
words, to be increasingly flexible about the way they accumulate profits
Flexible Accumulation
is the relocation of a business process from one country to
another—typically an operational process, such as manufacturing, or supporting
processes, such as accounting.
Offshoring
is an agreement in which one company contracts its own internal
activity to a different company.
Outsourcing
Although many people associate globalization with rapid economic
development and progress, globalization has not brought equal benefits to the world’s
people.
Uneven development
It involves the contracting out of a business process
and operational, and/or non-core functions to another party.
Outsourcing
the accelerated movement of people both within countries and
between countries.
Increasing migration
Is based on stages of economic growth and modernization:
a. Traditional society
b. Pre-conditions for take-off
c. Take-off
d. Drive to maturity
e. The age of mass consumption
Modernization Theory (W.W. Rostow)
Rostow’s model assumes that periphery countries only need to modernize to
achieve greater economic development and that the role of core countries is to
provide foreign aid and industrial technology to help them.
Modernization Theory (W.W. Rostow)
are the industrialized capitalist countries on which periphery countries
and semi-periphery countries depend.
Core countries
are those that are less developed than the semi-periphery and core
countries. These countries usually receive a disproportionately small share of global
wealth.
Periphery countries
An approach based on the periphery’s dependence to the core.
Dependency theory
Frank believed that the core exploits resources in the periphery resulting in the
periphery’s dependence on the core as it imports the core’s finished products. The
periphery is then forced to take on a dependent role in the global economy.
Dependency theory
Wallerstein claimed that there is only one world – a complex –
in which nation-states compete for capital and labor. He saw the global economy as
a market system with a fluid and dynamic flow of countries and economies from
periphery to semi-periphery to core.
World Systems Theory (Immanuel Wallerstein)
This is an approach which sees globalization as a new epoch in human history.
Hyperglobalist Perspective
Today’s new epoch is characterized by the declining relevance and authority of nation-
states, brought about largely through the economic logic of a global market.
Hyperglobalist Perspective
This views current international processes as more fragmented and regionalized than
globalized.
Skeptical Perspective
Current processes show, at best, a regionalization.
Skeptical Perspective
This perspective differs fundamentally from the other two perspectives in that:
o there is no single cause (that is, the market or economic logic) behind
globalization; and that
o the outcome of processes of globalization is not determined.
- Transformationalist Perspective
