The Dark Triad

Question 1

name some adjectives to describe narcissism

Answer 1

grandiosity, dominance, entitlement, egotism

Question 2

name some adjectives to describe Machiavellianism

Answer 2

manipulativeness, cynicism, pragmatic morality

Question 3

name so adjectives to describe psychopathy

Answer 3

impulsivity, thrill-seeking, lack of empathy or anxiety

Question 4

who researched narcissism?

Answer 4

raskin & hall, 1979

Question 5

who researched machiavllianism?

Answer 5

christie & geis, 1970

Question 6

who researched psychopathy?

Answer 6

hare, 1991

Question 7

describe the evolutionary theory of the dark triad

Answer 7

short term, agent, exploitative social strategy (exploit others for own survival, attract mates at expense of competitors. fluctuating selection, negative frequency-dependent selection. cross cultural.

Question 8

how do personality traits relate to narcissism?

Answer 8

high extraversion and high openness. self-enhancement

Question 9

how do personality traits relate to psychopathy?

Answer 9

high extraversion, high openness, low neurotics, low conscientiousness

Question 10

how do personality traits relate to machiavellianism?

Answer 10

low conscientiousness

Question 11

what is a method used to measure dark triad traits?

Answer 11

the dirty dozen - Jonason & Webster, 2010

Question 12

what could be a fourth member?

Answer 12

everyday sadism (Buckels, Jones & Paulhus, 2013)

Question 13

describe everyday sadism

Answer 13

callousness enjoyment of cruelty, seek opportunities to cause suffering. hurting people is exciting. correlated with .40 - .60 with machiavellianism and psychopathy. shares dark core of low agreeableness, empathy and honesty/humility. predicts vandalism and online trolling

Question 14

name some adaptive (admiration) components of narcissism

Answer 14

authority, self-sufficiency, high self esteem. self-enhance sing public and private strategies

Question 15

name some maladaptive (rivalry) components of narcissism

Answer 15

entitlement, exploitativeness, exhibitionism. self-enhance and self protect using public strategies

Question 16

describe the self mental construal of narcissism

Answer 16

grandiose self-views, agents concerns, underlying fragility?

Question 17

describe the other mental construal of narcissism

Answer 17

use for self-enhancement. others are inferior or idealised

Question 18

describe the intRApersonal self regulation process of narcissism

Answer 18

attributions, overconfidence, react to threat with anger over sadness. feed into self construals

Question 19

describe the intERpersonal self regulation process of narcissism

Answer 19

self-presentation, seek power and superiority, short-term mating, derogate others, react aggressively to threat. feed into self construals, affect others

Question 20

name some instrumental (primary) components of psychopathy

Answer 20

shallow affect, low empathy, interpersonal coldness, emotionally stable psychopaths

Question 21

name some hostile/reactive (secondary) components of psychopathy

Answer 21

impulsivity, irresponsibility, aggression, aggressive psychopaths

Question 22

high dark-triad scorers are more likely to…

Answer 22

engage in short-term/unrestricted sex; poach mates and have mates poached (same); retain mates using aggression (Jonason et al., 2009/10)

Question 23

describe how psychopathy shows aggression

Answer 23

physical, verbal and premeditated

Question 24

describe how machiavellianism shows aggression

Answer 24

physical, verbal and hostility

Question 25

describe how narcissism shows aggression

Answer 25

hostility, narcissistic rage

Question 26

most frequent crimes for psychopathy? (students)

Answer 26

all delinquent behaviour, including serious crime (Williams et al. 2011)

Question 27

most frequent crimes for machiavellianism? (students)

Answer 27

bullying and minor crime (Williams et al. 2011)

Question 28

most frequent crimes for narcissism? (students)

Answer 28

bullying, drugs, anti-authority acts, minor crime (Williams et al. 2011)

Question 29

according to Blickle et al. (2006), white collar criminals are higher in what than current managers?

Answer 29

narcissism

Question 30

accordion to Hepper et al. (2014), young offenders are higher in what than community members?

Answer 30

narcissism (especially entitlement). mediated by low empathy

Question 31

who found widespread evidence for high psychopathy in offenders?

Answer 31

Leistico et al., 2008. met-analysis d=.55

Question 32

describe narcissism and relationships

Answer 32

ludos love style, low commitment, focus on alternatives (Campbell & Foster, 2007). relationships end quickly, partner unhappy (Foster et al., 2003). attractive for short term flings but predict conflict and lower quality (Wurst et al., 2016)

Question 33

describe the heritability of narcissism

Answer 33

59% genetics, 41% non-shared environment (Vernon et al. 2008 - twin study)

Question 34

describe the heritability of psychopathy

Answer 34

64% genetics, 32% non-shared environment (Vernon et al. 2008 - twin study)

Question 35

describe the heritability of machiavellianism

Answer 35

31% genetics, 39% shared environment. 30% non-shared environment

Question 36

describe some environmental causes of narcissism

Answer 36

detectable from 8. retrospective evidence supports the spoilt hypothesis - parental overvaluation, leniency indulgence eg. Cramer 2011. but needs more research