The Development of the Travel and Tourism Industry Flashcards
What are the factors that can explain the development of the travel and tourism industry?
- Changing socio-economic factors
- Technological development
- Product development and innovation
- Changing consumer needs and expectations
- External factors
What are the changing socio-economic factors?
- Changes in car ownership
- Increase in leisure time
- Increase in disposable income
- Impact of the national economic
What are the factors of technological development?
- Development in transport technology
- Development in ICT
What are the factors of external factors?
- Legislation
- Fluctuations in currency
- Role of local authority in travel and tourism
- Climate change and natural disaster
- War,civil,unrest,terrorism and crime
How does increase in disposable income can change socio-economic?
- By savings on car,house and children’s future
- Availability of bank loans
- Change in people’s attitudes on travelling
- Availability of cheaper flights
- Rise of Asian travellers
How changes in car ownership brought benefits to people?
- Offer the freedom to travel to almost any destination
- Allow outbound tourists to use their cars for travelling
Define Mass tourism?
A form of tourism that involves tens of thousands of people going to the same resort or region often at the same time of year
What are the advantages of Mass tourism?
- Jobs are generated
- Improvement of facilities
- Cultural understanding
- Local tax base increase
What are the disadvantages of Mass tourism?
- Jobs can be seasonal
- Loss of land for tourist developments
- Cultural pollution
- Profits leaving the country (TNCs)
What are the stages of the Butler Model?
- Exploration
- Involvement
- Development
- Consolidation
- Stagnation
- Decline/rejuvenation
What is the characteristic of the Exploration stage?
Very small number of tourists are attracted by something particular eg. attractive landscape (mostly natural attractions)
What is the characteristic of the Involvement stage?
Small number of tourists, mainly independent travellers, with some local facilities eg. accommodation, transport being developed
What are the characteristics of the Development stage?
- Visitor numbers rising rapidly with an increase in both foreign-owned facilities
- Creates jobs for the local people
- Host country starts to advertise the area
- Large companies start to build hotels and leisure complexes and produce package holidays
- Expansion and upgrading of the local infrastructures
What are the characteristics of the Consolidation stage?
- The tourist industry is well established part of the economy
- Area continues to attract tourists to the area but perhaps not as rapidly increasing as in Development stage
- Further increases in the number of tourists, with mass tourism, the largest component
- With more tourists, the jobs in the tourist industry become more secure
- The addition of facilities reaches a peak of carrying capacity limit is approached
- Sometimes conflicts start to arise with locals due to eg. drunkenness of holiday makers
- Older hotels start to decline and some of the type of tourists change
What are the characteristics of the Stagnation stage?
- Tourist numbers reach peak and facilities show signs of age
- The resort becomes unfashionable and the number of visitors start to decline
