The digestive system

Question 1

The majority of compounds we obtain from food fall into three categories..

Answer 1

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins

Question 2

Carbohydrates are molecules that contain at LEAST.. (C, H, O)

Answer 2

1 carbon atom, 2 Hydrogen atom, 1 oxygen atom

Question 3

Carbohydrates are the main source of energy for the..

Answer 3

body

Question 4

The human body cannot make carbohydrates unlike plants therefore we need..

Answer 4

to consume food

Question 5

The 3 types of carbohydrates..

Answer 5

Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides

Question 6

A type of carbohydrate, monosaccharides are a type of reducing..

Answer 6

sugars

Question 7

A type of carbohydrate, monosaccharides can switch between 2 forms..

Answer 7

Chain and cyclic forms

Question 8

A type of carbohydrate, disaccharides is also a type of reducing…

Answer 8

sugars

Question 9

A type of carbohydrate, disaccharides are formed by linking together 2..

Answer 9

monosaccharides

Question 10

The process of forming a disaccharides is called dehydra.. or con..

Answer 10

Dehydration synthesis or condensation

Question 11

When forming disaccharides, the dehydration synthesis process leads to the release of..

Answer 11

water as a by-product

Question 12

A type of carbohydrate, disaccharides contains how many sugar units and how many carbon atoms?

Answer 12

2 sugar units and 7 carbon atoms or more

Question 13

Examples of disaccharides are sucrose, maltose and..

Answer 13

lactose

Question 14

sucrose is composed of a reaction between..

Answer 14

glucose and fructose

Question 15

maltose is composed of a reaction between..

Answer 15

2 glucose molecules

Question 16

Lactose is composed of a reaction between..

Answer 16

glucose and galactose

Question 17

A type of carbohydrate, polysaccharides are “complex carbohydrates” with many simple..

Answer 17

sugars linked together

Question 18

A type of carbohydrate, polysaccharides or examples of starch and..

Answer 18

cellulose

Question 19

Cellulose (polysaccharides) is difficult for our bodies to break down, provides little energy swell but they are a good source of..

Answer 19

fibre

Question 20

Lipids are also carbon based molecules. However because they are non polar, they repel..

Answer 20

water and have a waxy or oily consistency

Question 21

how lipids are formed are from fatty acid chains, they are composed of..

Answer 21

Hydrocarbon chain and carboxyl group

Question 22

Lipids are found in most living things as they are required to..

Answer 22

store energy produced by cells

Question 23

Lipids also serve as the main component of cellular membranes, they..

Answer 23

act as carriers for vitamins and synthesize hormones. Thus lipids are essential for cellular functioning

Question 24

Lipids are composed of fatty acids, there are 2 types of fatty acids..

Answer 24

saturated and unsaturated

Question 25

Saturated fatty acids are..

Answer 25

BAD fats (example butter)

Question 26

Saturated fatty acids are solid at room temperature and are more difficult to..

Answer 26

break down (like butter)

Question 27

Saturated fatty acids consists of only 1 single bonds thus leading to a more rectangular shape allowing chains to pack together e..

Answer 27

easily

Question 28

UNsaturated fatty acids are..

Answer 28

Good fats

Question 29

Unsaturated fatty acids consists of one double bond in the carbon chain thus leads to a "kinked" shape, meaning that the chains cannot be packed t..

Answer 29

together

Question 30

when converting unsaturated fats to saturated fats this process is called h..

Answer 30

Hydrogenation

Question 31

When unsaturated fats are converted to saturated fats, the process involves the breaking of double bonds and h..

Answer 31

hydrogen

Question 32

What are the 3 examples of lipids?

Answer 32

Triglycerides Phospholipids Cholesterol

Question 33

An example of lipids, triglycerides are formed by the union of glycerol (a 3 carbon lipid) and three fatty acids through the process of d..

Answer 33

dehydration synthesis

Question 34

An example of lipids, triglycerides that are solid at room temperature are called _____ ( Saturated and came from animals)

Answer 34

fats

Question 35

An example of lipids, triglycerides that are liquid at room temperature are called _____ (unsaturated and came from plants)

Answer 35

oils

Question 36

An example of lipids, triglycerides are stored in fat cells and release into bloodstream when..

Answer 36

eating meals

Question 37

An example of lipids, phospholipids are similar to triglycerides but one of the fatty acid tails are replaced with a p..

Answer 37

phosphate group

Question 38

An example of lipids, phospholipids are a important component of cell membrane due to their amphiphatic nature that makes them p

Answer 38

polar which sticks together

Question 39

An example of lipids, cholesterol are based on carbon ring structure rather than the fatty acid structure other lipids are made of, they are produced in the..

Answer 39

Liver

Question 40

An example of lipids, cholesterol are amp..

Answer 40

amphiphatic

Question 41

An example of lipids, cholesterol help maintain cell membrane fluidity and produces hormones such as testosterone and es..

Answer 41

estrogen

Question 42

Bad cholesterol (low density lipoprotein, LDL) leads to plaque buildup in arteries know as..

Answer 42

atherosclerosis

Question 43

Good cholesterol (High density lipoprotein, HDL) carries low density cholesterol back to liver to be..

Answer 43

broken down

Question 44

When producing trans fat, unsaturated fatty acids are chemical altered in high LDL..

Answer 44

Bad cholesterols

Question 45

Trans fats are produced during the process of h..

Answer 45

hydrogenation

Question 46

Trans fat in food could lead to heart..

Answer 46

disease

Question 47

Proteins are beneficial to the human body in many ways. list the 3 mains..

Answer 47

Protein help repair cells, speed up chemical reactions (enzymes) and help defend against diseases.

Question 48

A protein molecule also know as polypeptide, is produced when the linking of..

Answer 48

Amino acids also known as protein building blocks

Question 49

all plant food contains car..

Answer 49

carbohydrates

Question 50

Monosaccharides in carbohydrates with that same chemical formula that are arrange in different ways but are the same chemical formula are called..

Answer 50

isomers (How we can tell is if we look at the formula and it is a 1-2-1 ratio)

Question 51

Monosaccharides isomers are glucose, galactose and..

Answer 51

frutose

Question 52

Lipids like carbohydrates, they are a carbon..

Answer 52

based molecule. BUT they are non polar and repel water

Question 53

Protein building blocks are a..

Answer 53

amino acids

Question 54

The 4 protein examples..

Answer 54

Lysozyme, integrin, collagen and hemogoblin.

Question 55

An example of protein, lysozyme contains how many polypeptides (protein)..

Answer 55

1

Question 56

An example of protein, integrin contains how many polypeptides (protein)..

Answer 56

2

Question 57

An example of protein, collagen contains how many polypeptides (protein)..

Answer 57

3

Question 58

An example of protein, hemogoblin contains how many polypeptides (protein)

Answer 58

4

Question 59

An example of protein, lysozyme are found in nasal fluid and tears, they kill bacteria by b..

Answer 59

breaking down cell walls

Question 60

An example of protein, integrin proteins are use to make connections between structures inside and..

Answer 60

outside of cell

Question 61

An example of protein, collagen is a structural protein in tendons, ligaments, skin and blood vessel walls; they provide..

Answer 61

high tensile strength

Question 62

An example of protein, hemogoblin transport protein that allows red blood cells to c..

Answer 62

carry oxygen throughout the body

Question 63

The ability of an enzyme to facilitate a chemical reactions are influenced by..

Answer 63

Temperature, ph and substrate concentration

Question 64

Enzymes act by DECREASING the a..

Answer 64

activation energy of reactants

Question 65

An increase of temperature means an increase of energy in a chemical system, thus the enzyme activity also..

Answer 65

increases at higher temperature

Question 66

Protein starts to dissolve at a certain temperature, what is it?..

Answer 66

37'c and higher

Question 67

When proteins dissolve, they form a..

Answer 67

precipitate (example: skin that forms on milk when heated)

Question 68

an enzyme in a protein can only catalyze a reaction if the appropriate substrate (the substance on which the enzyme reacts) binds to its a..

Answer 68

active site