The Digestive System

Question 1

Ingestion/eating

Answer 1

Food is taken in by the body

Question 2

Digestion

Answer 2

Food is broken down

Question 3

Absorption

Answer 3

Digested food passes into the bloodstream

Question 4

Assimilation

Answer 4

Using the food on the cells of the body

Question 5

Elimination

Answer 5

Getting rid of Un digested food

Question 6

Physical digestion

Answer 6

Taking large pieces of food and breaking them down into smaller pieces happens in the: mouth (teeth) and stomach (churning)

Question 7

How do we break down food

Answer 7

Involves the use of chemicals called enzymes to break down food

Question 8

What are enzymes

Answer 8

Enzymes are chemicals that speed up reactions without being used up in the reaction

Question 9

How do enzymes work

Answer 9

Enzymes act on a substrate and breaks it down into a product e.g substrate = amylase (saliva), product = maltose (sugar)

Question 10

Where does most chemical reactions happen

Answer 10

In the small intestine

Question 11

Where is bile made

Answer 11

Bile is made in the liver

Question 12

What does the pancreas make

Answer 12

It makes digestive juices which contain enzymes

Question 13

What is the function of the mouth

Answer 13

Physical and chemical digestion

Question 14

What’s ingestion

Answer 14

Taking in food

Question 15

What’s egestion

Answer 15

Discharge of un digested waste

Question 16

What are the two types of digestion take place in the mouth?

Answer 16

Physical digestion and chemical digestion

Question 17

What is physical digestion

Answer 17

Physical digestion is the breakdown of food using mechanical or physical methods.

Question 18

How many types of teeth are in the human jaw

Answer 18

There are four types of teeth in the adult human jaw.

Question 19

What is the alimentary canal

Answer 19

The alimentary canal is a tube that runs from the mouth to the anus. Food is one of our most basic needs.

Question 20

List three reasons to why we need food

Answer 20

. To give us energy
• To provide the raw materials for growth
• To allow us to repair the body.

Question 21

Describe the features of the Incisors teeth

Answer 21

Sharp edges, like a chisel
Used to cut, slice and nibble food

Question 22

Describe the feature of the canines tooth

Answer 22

Long and pointed
Used to grip and tear food

Question 23

Describe the features of a premolars tooth

Answer 23

Large with flat surfaces
Used for chewing, crushing and grinding food

Question 24

Describe the features of a molar tooth

Answer 24

Larger than premolars
Used for chewing, crushing and grinding food

Question 25

What is chemical digestion

Answer 25

Chemical digestion is the breakdown of food using enzymes (or hydrochloric acid in the stomach).

Question 26

What is an enzyme

Answer 26

An enzyme is a chemical (made of protein) produced by the body that speeds up chemical reactions in the body without the enzyme being used up.

Question 27

What are salivary glands

Answer 27

Salivary glands are located in the cheeks and under the tongue. They produce liquid called saliva. Saliva helps to soften and moisten food.

Question 28

What is the oesophagus

Answer 28

The oesophagus, or food pipe, is a muscular tube.

Question 29

What is the function of the oesophogus

Answer 29

It forces food down from the mouth to the stomach using a wave of muscular action (called peristalsis). Peristalsis also pushes food through the rest of our intestines.

Question 30

What is the stomach and how does it work

Answer 30

The stomach is a muscular bag that holds food tor a few hours.

Question 31

Is the stomach an organ?

Answer 31

The stomach is an organ.

Question 32

What is the small intestine

Answer 32

The small intestine is a long tube (about 6 metres) but it has a narrow diameter (about 2.5 centimetres).

Question 33

Name 2 functions of the small intestine

Answer 33

• Digestion
• Absorption.

Question 34

What is the liver

Answer 34

The liver is a complex organ that carries out a range of functions.

Question 35

Name one function of the small intestine and how does it work

Answer 35

One of its many functions is to produce a liquid called bile.
Bile passes from the liver into the small intestine. Bile helps to digest fat in the small intestine.

Question 36

What is the pancreas

Answer 36

The pancreas produces many digestive enzymes.

Question 37

What is the large intestine

Answer 37

The large intestine is about 1.5 metres long. It is about twice the diameter of the small intestine.

Question 38

Name 3 functions of the large intestine

Answer 38

The large intestine takes water back into the bloodstream (reabsorbs water). The semi-solid waste material left in the large intestine is called faeces.
• If too much water is taken back, the waste becomes too solid, in a condition called constipation.
• If too little water is taken back, the waste becomes liquid and we suffer from diarrhoea.

Question 39

What’s are faeces

Answer 39

Faeces are stored in the rectum and pass out of the intestine through the anus. The loss of unabsorbed material is called egestion.