The Digestive System

Question 1

What are the stages of human digestion

Answer 1

1. ingestion
2. digestion
3. Absorption
4. Assimilation
5. Egestion

Question 2

Ingestion

Answer 2

Food enters the digestive system through the mouth

Question 3

Digestion

Answer 3

Complex food molecules being broken into simpler molecules (mouth & stomach)

Question 4

Absorption

Answer 4

Products of digestion enter the bloodstream (intestines)

Question 5

Assimilation

Answer 5

The nutrients that are absorbed are converted into molecules for growth, repair and defence in the cells

Question 6

Egestion

Answer 6

Waste products of digestion being removed from the body

Question 7

What are the types of human digestion

Answer 7

• physical/mechanical digestion
• chemical digesiton

Question 8

Physical/mechanical digestion

Answer 8

The teeth and muscles in the stomach wall prepare food for chemical digestion by breaking down food into smaller pieces

Question 9

Chemical digestion

Answer 9

Enzymes break food down further into smaller pieces

Question 10

Name the 4 types of teeth and what they do

Answer 10

• incisors - biting, tearing, cutting
• canines - biting, tearing, gripping
• premolars - chewing, crushing
• molars - chewing, crushing

Question 11

How many teeth do adults have in total

Answer 11

32

Question 12

What does physical digestion do

Answer 12

Allows greater surface area for the enzyme to act on, food is easier to swallow

Question 13

What does amylase do

Answer 13

Breaks down starch into maltose

Question 14

What does maltase do

Answer 14

Breaks down maltose into glucose

Question 15

Catalyst

Answer 15

A substance which speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up itself in the reaction. They can be used again and again

Question 16

Enzyme

Answer 16

A biological catalyst made from proteins

Question 17

What does the oesophagus do

Answer 17

Connects the mouth to the stomach

Question 18

Epiglottis

Answer 18

Flap of muscle separating the trachea and oesophagus

Question 19

Peristalsis

Answer 19

The contractions of which muscles along the oesophagus which pushes food down towards the stomach

Question 20

What is the stomach

Answer 20

a muscular bag that stores and digests food

Question 21

What does the physical digestion do in the stomach

Answer 21

Churns food into a liquid

Question 22

What does chemical digestion do in the stomach

Answer 22

Enzymes and hydrochloric acid kills bacteria and loosens food to make it easier

Question 23

What is the small intestine, how long is it

Answer 23

90% of digestion occurs in the small intestine. It is roughly 6 metres long

Question 24

What happens in the small intestine

Answer 24

Minerals and nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine

Question 25

What is the duodenum

Answer 25

The duodenum attaches the stomach to the small intestine

Question 26

What does the duodenum do

Answer 26

It carries out chemical digestion by producing digestive enzymes and receiving digestive juices from the pancreas and liver

Question 27

What is the Villi

Answer 27

The many small fold that the small intestine is covered in

Question 28

What does the villi do

Answer 28

Absorbs substances such as iron, glucose and amino acids. Into the blood quickly and easily

Question 29

Name 3 features of Villi

Answer 29

- The walls of villi are only one cell thick - Each villus has its own capillaries - capillaries carry out of the digestive system and to the circulatory system where they can travel all over the body

Question 30

What does the pancreas do

Answer 30

Makes 2 key digestive enzymes called Amylase and lipase

Question 31

What does the liver do

Answer 31

Produces bile which is stored in the gall bladder and travels to the small intestine, used to break down fats

Question 32

What is the large intestine, and how long is it

Answer 32

It reabsorbs water from undigested food back into the bloodstream, it is about 1.5 metres long

Question 33

Faeces, and where it is stored and egested

Answer 33

All the materials our body could not digest. It is stored in the rectum and egested through the anus