The Digestive System

Question 1

What are the seven structures of the upper G.I.?

Answer 1

Mouth, palate, uvula, tongue, gingiva, teeth, pariodontium (part of jaw)

Question 2

What is the stomach?

Answer 2

Breaks down food to the small intestine. It links the esophagus to the small intestine

Question 3

What is the small intestine?

Answer 3

Absorbs nutrients, 20 feet long, 1 inch in diameter

Question 4

What is the large intestine?

Answer 4

Stores waste and absorbs water, about 5 feet long, 2 inches in diameter

Question 5

What is the pancreas?

Answer 5

digestive juices break down food after it leaves the small intestine

Question 6

What is the gallbladder?

Answer 6

We can live without it. It stores and concentrates bile which is needed to emulsify fats

Question 7

What is digestion?

Answer 7

Digestive enzymes break down foods into more simple nutrients so that absorption can occur

Question 8

What is the liver?

Answer 8

Produces protein that’s important in blood clotting. It is the filter

Question 9

What are the five nutrients critical in digestion?

Answer 9

Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals

Question 10

Name and define two pathologies for the upper G.I.

Answer 10

Dysphasia- difficult swallowing

Gerd- gastroesophageal reflux disease producing heartburn

Question 11

Name and define two pathologies for the lower G.I

Answer 11

Intestinal obstruction- many causes, can either be partial or complete
Ulcerative colitis- repeated episodes of inflammation of rectum and large intestine

Question 12

What are the two diagnostic procedures?

Answer 12

CT Scan- take picture is whole body or sections

Ultrasound- shows what’s going on in the stomach

Question 13

Define two medications, what are they?

Answer 13

Stool softeners- makes bowel movement easier to pass. Used to treat constipation and reduce pain caused by strains during bowel movements
Antiemetics- helps with vommiting and nausea. They treat motion sickness

Question 14

Name 3 ways to give nutrients to patients?

Answer 14

NG tube- nasogastric tube. Carries food and medicine to the stomach through the nose. Used for all feeding or giving a person extra calories
G-Tube- gastric tube. Tube inserted through the abdomen that delivers nutrition directly to the stomach
TPN- Total parenteral nutrition. Is used when no significant nutrition is obtained by other routes. (Last resort)

Question 15

Define two surgeries

Answer 15

Maxillofacial- deals with disease, injuries, and defects in the head, neck, face, jaws and the hard and soft tissues of the mouth and naw region
Hemorrhoidectomy- removal of internal or external hemorrhoid a that are extensive or severe

Question 16

What is the digestive system?

Answer 16

Physical and chemical breakdown of food for the use by the body