The Digestive System. Flashcards
The function of the digestive system?
Preparation for cellular consumption, provides energy and builds new tissue.
Structures within the digestive system?
Digestive Tract (Muscular tube from the mouth to the anus) and Accessory Organs (Salivary glands, liver and pancreas).
What is the Peritoneum?
A double layer of serous membrane covering the abdominal wall and pelvic cavities.
What forms the Peritoneum?
Parietal = lines body wall.
Visceral = covers organs.
Peritoneal cavity = contains serous fluid.
Retroperitoneal organ = push against post abdominal wall (partly covered by peritoneum).
Intraperitoneal organ = fully covered; stomach and s.intestine.
What is the Mesentery and Omentum?
Mesentery = Double layer visceral peritoneum attaching organ to body wall. Omentum = Double layer parietal peritoneum attaching organ to another organ.
What hormones do enteroendocrine gland secrete?
CCK, Gastrin and Secretin.
What is mechanical digestion?
Breaking down food - bolus to move through digestive tract.
Chewing/Mastication, Churning(stomach, s.intestine) and Segmentation.
What is propulsion?
Movement of digested material along digestive tract.
Swallowing, Peristalsis, Mass Movement and Waste Elimination.
What is chemical digestion?
Food breakdown into smaller fragments for absorption.
Carb > simple sugars. Protein > amino acid. Lipid > fatty acid.
What activates secretion of gastric juice?
Low pH, gastrin, histamine and Ach.
What does Hcl do?
Breaks down connective tissue and cell wall, kills microbes and activates pepsinogen.
What is intrinsic factor associated with?
Vitamin B12
Where do pancreatic ducts open?
In the duodenum at the sphincter of oddi.
What do acini cells secrete?
Enzymes.
What do duct cells secrete?
Water and sodium bicarbonate.
