Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy > The digestive system > Flashcards

The digestive system Flashcards

(98 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Digestive tract

A

Tube from the mouth to the anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Process of the digestive tract (10)

A 
Ingestion
Mastication
Propulsion
Deglutition
Peristalsis
Mixing
Secretion
Digestion
Absorption
Elimination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ingestion

A

Taking in of food to generate energy and to supply materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Mastication

A

Break into smaller pieces to increase surface area for enzymatic digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Muscles of mastication

A

Temporalis
Masseter
Medial and lateral pterygoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Propulsion

A

Movement of food from one end to the other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Deglutition

A

Swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Peristalsis

A

Muscle contractions of circular and longitudinal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mixing

A

Moves food back and forth in stomach to aid in mechanical digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Segmental contractions

A

Mixing in the small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Secretions (3)

A

Fluids to dissolve
Mucous to lubricate and protect
Enzymes/bile to digest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Digestion

A

Breakdown of large molecules mechanically or chemically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Absorption

A

Form the outside of body fluids to the inside by diffusion or active transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Elimination

A

Waste removal from body by large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Layers of mucosa

A

Mucous epithelium
Lamina propria
Muscularis mucosae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mucous epithelium

A

Moist non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium (mouth, pharynx, esophagus, anus) or simple columnar (small and large intestines)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Lamina propria

A

Loose connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Muscularis mucosae

A

Thin layer between mucosa and submucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Submucosa components

A

Loose connective tissue
Blood vessels
Nervous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Submucosal plexus

A

Nervous tissue of the submucosa that is a parasympathetic ganglionic plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Muscularis

A

Smooth muscle consisting of an inner circular and outer longitudinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Myenteric plexus

A

Collection of neuron cell bodies between the two muscularis layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Enteric plexus

A

Submucosal and myenteric plexuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Enteric sensory neurons

A

Detect chemical composition and mechanical stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Enteric motor neurons
Stimulates or inhibits smooth muscle
26
Enteric interneurons
Connect sensory to motor
27
Peritoneum
Serous membrane covering the abdominal wall and organs that secretes serous fluid for lubrication
28
Parietal peritoneum
Serous membrane that covers the abdominal cavity
29
Visceral peritoneum
Serous membrane that covers the organs in the abdominal cavity
30
Mesentery
Connective tissue sheets that hold organs in place and allow passage of blood, lymph, and nerves
31
Omentum
Extension of the mesentery
32
Lesser omentum
Connects lesser curvature of stomach and duodenum to liver and diaphragm
33
Greater omentum
Extends from greater curvature of stomach to transverse colon
34
Omental bursa
Large fold formed by the greater omentum
35
Transverse mesocolon
From transverse colon to abdominal wall
36
Sigmoid mesocolon
From sigmoid colon to abdominal wall
37
Voluntary phase of swallowing
Food pushed toward oropharynx
38
Pharyngeal phase of swallowing
Reflex of skeletal muscles that involves stimulation of tactile receptors, sensory and motor neurons, constrictor muscles and sphincter relaxation
39
Esophageal phase of swallowing
Peristaltic waves involving tactile receptors in esophagus
40
Salivary amylase
Initiates digestion of starch
41
Components of saliva (4)
Salivary amylase, lysozyme, immunoglobulin A, Mucin
42
Parotid glands
Serous secretions found inferior and anterior to ear pinna that empties adjacent to second upper molar
43
Submandibular glands
Serous and mucous secretions found inferior and medial to mandible
44
Sublingual glands
Mixed secretions found inferior and lateral to tongue
45
Nasopharynx histology
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
46
Oropharynx histology
Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
47
Laryngopharynx histology
Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
48
Stomach function
Storage and mixing of food into chyme | Some digestion and absorption
49
Serosa
Simple squamous epithelium with mucous that is the outer layer of the stomach
50
Muscularis of stomach
Middle layer that allows for mixing contractions made of 3 layers
51
Gastric pits
Tube-like extensions lined with epithelium
52
Surface mucinous cells
Produce mucous on surface for protection
53
Mucous neck cells
Alkaline and protective
54
Parietal cells
Produce HCl and intrinsic factor
55
Chief cells
Produce pepsinogen
56
Endocrine cells
Produce regulatory hormones
57
HCl functions (4)
Kills bacteria, lowers chyme pH, aids in digestion, denatures proteins
58
Pepsinogen
Converted to pepsin at pH <3 that catalyzes hydrolysis of peptide bonds
59
Gastrin
Stimulates HCl, pepsinogen, and histamine secretion
60
Histamine
Stimulates secretion of HCl
61
Gastric phase
Secretion of HCl, pepsinogen, mucous, gastrin, and histamine stimulated by food in the stomach and stomach distension
62
Intestinal phase
Secretion of cholecystokinin, gastric inhibitory peptide, and secretin stimulated by chyme entering duodenum
63
Secretin
Inhibits gastric secretions
64
Duodenum
Major absorption site and first part of small intestine
65
Jejunum
Second part of small intestine, major absorption site
66
Ileum
Longest part and last part of small intestine
67
Major duodenal papillae
Site where common bile duct and pancreatic duct join to form hepatopancreatic ampulla that empties into duodenum
68
Absorptive cells of small intestine
Absorb digested food and produce digestive enzymes
69
Granular cells of small intestine
Protect epithelium from bacteria
70
Functions of large intestine
Water and salt reabsorption and storage of waste
71
Cecum
Junction of the small and large intestine that is vestigial in humans
72
Vermiform appendix
Lymphatic structure with lymph nodules
73
Teniae coli
Three bands of smooth muscle that make up the longitudinal layer of the colon
74
Haustra
Pouches of the colon that form when the teniae coli contracts where reabsorption occurs
75
Crypts
Tube like extensions from the colon lining with many goblet cells to protect mucous membrane and lubricate fecal matter
76
Mass movement
Peristaltic wave that extends over a large area that propels fecal matter toward rectum most common after eating
77
Defecation reflex
Triggered by distension of the rectal wall and mass movement in colon causing a relaxation of the internal sphincter
78
Porta
Area in the inferior liver for entrance/exit of vessels, ducts, and nerves
79
Hepatic portal vein
Circulation from intestine
80
Hepatic duct
Drains bile from liver
81
Cystic duct
Drains from the gall bladder
82
Common bile duct
Joining of cystic and hepatic ducts that drains into the duodenum
83
Hepatic cords
Collections of hepatocytes
84
Sinusoids
Blood channels found between hepatic cords lined with endothelial cells
85
Kupffer cells
Hepatic phagocytic cells
86
Functions of hepatocytes (5)
Produce bile, store nutrients, phagocytize, synthesize blood components, detoxification
87
Functions of bile (3)
Neutralizes acidic chyme, emulsifies fats, excretion of bilirubin from hemoglobin breakdown
88
Functions of the liver (6)
``` Bile production Storage Nutrient conversion Detoxification Phagocytosis Synthesis of blood components ```
89
Acini
Clusters of cells in pancreas that produce secretions
90
Lobule
Collection of acini in pancreas
91
Intercalated ducts
Connect lobules in pancreas
92
Aqueous component of pancreatic secretions
Neutralizes acids and produced by epithelial cells that line ducts
93
Enzymatic component of pancreatic secretions
Produced by acinar cells and contains proteolytic enzymes that are secreted in an inactive state
94
Protein digestion
Begins in stomach and ends in small intestine
95
Carbohydrate digestions
Starts in mouth and ends in small intestine
96
Lipid digestions
Starts and ends in small intestine
97
Micelle
Fatty acid and glycerol surrounded by bile salts
98
Chylomicrons
Form of lipoprotein that is soluble in aqueous solutions

Anatomy (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions