The Digestive System / Nutrition

Question 1

What is nutrition?

Answer 1

Nutrition is the process by which the body takes in and uses food.

Question 2

What is heterotrophic nutrition?

Answer 2

Heterotrophic nutrition is a type of nutrition where a organism cannot make its own food.

Question 3

What is autotrophic nutrition?

Answer 3

Autotrophic nutrition is a type of nutrition where a organism makes its own food.

Question 4

What is a herbivore?

What is an example of this?

Answer 4

Herbivores obtain energy by eating only plants.

Examples are Cows, Caterpillars, and Deer.

Question 5

What is a Carnivore?

What is an example of this?

Answer 5

Carnivores only eat animals.

Examples are Snakes, Dogs, and Owls.

Question 6

What is an omnivore?

Answer 6

An organism that eats both plants and animals.

Question 7

Why do organisms need to digest food?

Answer 7

It is needed to breakdown large food particles until there are small enough to pass into the body cells, to absorb energy.

Question 8

What are the stages in human digestion?

Answer 8

• Ingestion
• Digestion
• Absorption
• Egestion

(remember with I.D.E.A)

Question 9

What is the definition for ingestion in the terms of digestion?

Answer 9

Food is taken into the alimentary canal.

Question 10

What is the definition for digestion in the terms of digestion?

Answer 10

Food is broken down into smaller pieces.

Question 11

What is the definition absorption in the terms of digestion?

Answer 11

Absorption is the movement of digested food from the alimentary canal into the blood system.

Question 12

What is the definition egestion in the terms of digestion?

Answer 12

The removal of unabsorbed material, such as faeces and urine.

Question 13

What is digestion?

Answer 13

Digestion is the physical and chemical breakdown of food.

Question 14

What is peristalsis? explain.

Answer 14

It is rhythmic muscular contractions and relaxation in the wall of the alimentary canal causing the food to move along the canal.

Question 15

What is an enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates?

Answer 15

Salivary amylase

Question 16

What is the role of salivary amylase in chemical digestion?

Answer 16

It digests starch.

Question 17

What is the production site of the enzyme of carbohydrates

Answer 17

Salivary glands

Question 18

What is the PH at the site of action with an enzyme of carbohydrates

Answer 18

The pH is alkaline and at a level of 8.

Question 19

What is the product of the enzyme of carbohydrates?

Answer 19

Maltose

Question 20

What is the function of incisors?

Answer 20

Their function is cutting.

Question 21

What is the function of pre-molars?

Answer 21

Their function is crushing and grinding.

Question 22

What is the function of molars?

Answer 22

Their function is crushing and grinding.

Question 23

What is the function of canines?

Answer 23

Their function is tearing.

Question 24

Describe how food is mechanically broken down.

Answer 24

• Use teeth to tear and grind food.

- Contractions in stomach wall, and rhythmic muscular contractions and relaxations pushing food down the oesophagus.

Question 25

What is the role of bile salts in chemical digestion?

Answer 25

Bile salts emulsifies fat and neutralizes the acidic chime from the stomach.

Question 26

What is the dental formula

Answer 26

2(i2/2, c1/1, p2/2, m3/3)

Question 27

What is a enzyme that breaks down protein?

Answer 27

Pepsin

Question 28

What is the role of pepsin?

Answer 28

Pepsin breaks down proteins.

Question 29

Where is the production site of pepsin?

Answer 29

Gastric glands in the stomach wall.

Question 30

What is the PH at the site when pepsin is in action?

Answer 30

Acid pH 2

Question 31

What is the product of pepsin during digestion?

Answer 31

Peptides

Question 32

What is one enzyme that breaks down fat?

Answer 32

Lipase

Question 33

Where is the production site of lipase?

Answer 33

The pancreas

Question 34

What is the pH at the site of action for lipase?

Answer 34

It has an alkaline pH of 8.

Question 35

What are the products of lipase.

Answer 35

- Fatty acids | - Glycerol

Question 36

What are the benefits of fibre in a diet.

Answer 36

- It helps prevent constipation. | - Stimulates peristalsis in the colon.

Question 37

What are functions of the liver?

Answer 37

- Secretes Bile an alkaline liquid to break down fats. - Store glucose as glycogen. - Convert carbs and proteins to fats. - Homeostasis of blood. - Convert amino acids to urea

Question 38

Why is digestion needed?

Answer 38

Digestion is needed so that the food molecules are small enough to pass into the bloodstream.

Question 39

What is the role of the oesophagus?

Answer 39

The oesophagus carries food from the mouth to the stomach.

Question 40

What is the oesophagus?

Answer 40

A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.

Question 41

What is the stomach lined with?

Answer 41

It is lined with mucus.

Question 42

What is the role of the stomach in digestion?

Answer 42

It receives food from the oesophagus, mixes the food with gastric juice forming chime, initiates protein digestion, creates limited absorption and moves food into the small intestine.

Question 43

What is the stomach?

Answer 43

A muscular bag lined with mucus that digests food.

Question 44

What are the 2 types of digestion?

Answer 44

- Chemical | - Mechanical

Question 45

Describe chemical digestion.

Answer 45

Using chemicals such as saliva / spit or gastric juice, it breaks down food containing mucus, HCL and pepsinogen.

Question 46

What are the functions of enzymes?

Answer 46

- Digestion | - Absorption

Question 47

What are the three parts if the small intestine?

Answer 47

- Duodenum - Jejunum - Ileum

Question 48

What is the function of the duodenum?

Answer 48

The function of the duodenum is chemical digestion.

Question 49

What is the function of the jejunum and ileum?

Answer 49

The function of the jejunum and ileum is the absorption of nutrients.

Question 50

What adaptations have been made for absorption?

Answer 50

- A long tube | - Villi

Question 51

What does the long tube do in terms of adaptations in digestion?

Answer 51

The long tube gives more time for absorption.

Question 52

What are villi?

Answer 52

Villi is a small finger-like structure with infoldings that increase the surface area of the intestinal wall for absorption.

Question 53

What does a villi absorb?

Answer 53

Villi absorb monomers formed by digestion as well as mineral ions and vitamins.

Question 54

What are functions of the large intestine?

Answer 54

- Absorption of water and preparation of faecal material for elimination. - To digest cellulose.

Question 55

Where does amylase act?

Answer 55

It acts in the mouth.

Question 56

Where does pepsin act?

Answer 56

It acts in the stomach.

Question 57

Where does lipase act?

Answer 57

It acts in the small intestine / the duodenum.

Question 58

What are the three functions of gastric juice?

Answer 58

- Gastric juice lines and protects the stomach wall. - It kills bacteria and activates pepsinogen. - Converts pepsinogen into the active enzyme pepsin by hydrochloric acid. Pepsin digests protein to peptides.

Question 59

What are the four parts of the large intestine?

Answer 59

- Colon - Caecum - Appendix - Rectum

Question 60

What are the three functions of the large intestine?

Answer 60

- To reabsorb water. - To produce B group vitamins. - To digest cellulose.

Question 61

Explain the relationship of the humans and bacteria in the production of vitamin B.

Answer 61

When humans digest cellulose, symbiotic bacteria in our stomachs covert cellulose to vitamin B. this is the only source of vitamin B we can 'produce'.

Question 62

What are the roles of the liver?

Answer 62

- The liver produces bile. - Bile is stored in gallbladder. - Bile enters the duodenum through the bile duct.

Question 63

What three things that bile consists of?

Answer 63

- Water - Bile salts - Bile pigments