The Dynamic Earth

Question 1

What is the force caused by wind and water that creates weathering?

Answer 1

abrasion

Question 2

What happens when wind and water lose energy?

Answer 2

the sediment will deposit/ deposition

Question 3

Explain how glaciers can lead to erosion

Answer 3

as glaciers move, they pick up and carry sediments

Question 4

What does the force of gravity do?

Answer 4

Gravity is a force that pulls everything to the center of the earth

Question 5

How does gravity lead to rapid changes on Earth’s surface?

Answer 5

It causes landslides and mudslides which leads to rapid changes.

Question 6

What is weathering

Answer 6

the process by which rock materials are broken down by the action of physical and chemical processes

Question 7

What are fragments of weathered rock called?

Answer 7

sediment

Question 8

What is physical weathering

Answer 8

mechanical break down rocks into smaller pieces.

Question 9

What are examples of physical weathering

Answer 9

animals stepping on rock
Rock falling due to gravity
Ice

Question 10

What is chemical weathering?

Answer 10

breakdown of rocks due to chemical reactions

Question 11

What are some examples of chemical weathering?

Answer 11

acid
Plants
Rust

Question 12

Define erosion

Answer 12

the process of carrying weathered material from one place to another

Question 13

Define deposition

Answer 13

eroded material being put down

Question 14

All are made of______

Answer 14

minerals

Question 15

What are minerals?

Answer 15

minerals are naturally occurring and usually inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and orderly internal structure

Question 16

What are igneous rocks, and how do they form?

Answer 16

Igneous rock forms when lava cools down or when magma cools down

Question 17

Compare and contract intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks.

Answer 17

Intrusive ingenious rock forms inside of earth
Extrusive: outside

Question 18

Rock that cools slower will form ______ rocks

Answer 18

extrusive igneous

Question 19

What are sedimentary rock, and how do they form?

Answer 19

Sedimentary rock are formed from sediments are deposited, then compacted and pressed together.

Question 20

What else is often found in sedimentary rock layers?

Answer 20

Fossils

Question 21

If fossils are exposed to high temperature and pressure, they can become ____

Answer 21

coal

Question 22

What are metamorphic rocks, and how do they form?

Answer 22

Metamorphic rocks forms when lava cools existing rock is exposed to large changes in temperature, pressure or both.

Question 23

Metamorphic rock most often form near_____

Answer 23

a magma chamber

Question 24

What different factors can cause rock to change?

Answer 24

melting and cooling/ igneous
Erosion, deposition, and cementation/ sedimentary
Heat and pressure/metamorphic
All types of rock can turn into all types of rock

Question 25

What were the initial observations made that led to the idea of continental drift?

Answer 25

Long ago, people observed that some continents, such a s Africa and South America, looked like puzzle pieces that could fit together.

Question 26

Explain the role that fossils could play in analyzing continents?

Answer 26

they also found clues such as fossils of the same plants and animals across continents. There is also plant and animal fossils found on Antarctica

Question 27

What is sonar?

Answer 27

Sonar is a technonlgy that allows us to map the ocean floor

Question 28

What did sonar help us discover?

Answer 28

We discovered the ocean was not flat and midocean ridges and trenches

Question 29

What is sea floor spreading, and what does it form?

Answer 29

Sea floor spreading is when heat rises toward the surface and spreads the crust apart. It forms rift valleys and results in earthquakes and volcanic eruption

Question 30

What happens at the rift valley?

Answer 30

Rift valleys will fill with water. The ocean floor is then going to spread apart. Mid-ocean ridges forms in rift valleys

Question 31

When the ocean floor sinks, what forms?

Answer 31

a deep ocean trench

Question 32

What is a Pangea

Answer 32

a super continent long ago

Question 33

What is paleoclimatic evidence

Answer 33

When studying rocks, glacial deposits and fossils can tell us about the past climate

Question 34

What is a mid-ocean ridge

Answer 34

enormous underwater mountain ranges

Question 35

What is paleomagnetism

Answer 35

the branch of geology that studies the strips on mid-ocean ridges.

Question 36

How would Earth’s surface have looked different 200 million years ago?

Answer 36

Earth would have been a supercontinent called Pangea.

Question 37

Who proposed the idea of continental drift

Answer 37

Alfred Wegener

Question 38

What does “continental drift” mean

Answer 38

Continental drift means when the continents drift apart

Question 39

Why can’t mid-ocean ridges be seen

Answer 39

Mid-ocean ridges are hidden underwater

Question 40

As the plates move apart, they create a____ in the ____________.

Answer 40

gap, ocean floor

Question 41

_________, which is partially molten rock, rises from the________ to fill the gap

Answer 41

Magma, mantle

Question 42

Once magma reaches the sea floor, it cools rapidly and _______ to form new crust

Answer 42

Solidifies

Question 43

As more magma solidifies, the sea floor moves_______ from the mid-ocean ridge

Answer 43

outward

Question 44

Older parts of each tectonic plate move in _______ directions on both sides of the ______-___________.

Answer 44

opposite, mid-ocean ridge

Question 45

The ______ are pushed _____ from each other

Answer 45

Continents, away

Question 46

How does the sea-floor have “stripes”

Answer 46

It shows different magnetic orientation of the seafloor

Question 47

Fit of continents:

Answer 47

The coastline shape of continents match like puzzle pieces. The coastlines of the Americas and Africa seem to match

Question 48

Fossils:

Answer 48

Similar fossils of plants and animals have been found on continents separated by oceans. Fossils of the ancient reptile, Mesosaurus, were found in both South America and Africa.