The Edwardian Conquest 1.2 Flashcards
(16 cards)
Who is considered the last champion of Welsh liberty?
Llywelyn ap Gruffudd
He died in 1282 and was the last native ruler of Wales.
What marked the zenith of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd’s power?
The Treaty of Montgomery
Signed in September 1267 with King Henry III of England.
What was the situation in Wales before the 13th Century?
A time of rivalry among various Welsh regional leaders
How many stable kingdoms existed in Wales by the time of the Norman invasion?
Four
These were Gwynedd, Powys, Deheubarth, and Morgannwg.
What were the Marcher lordships?
Three lordships created by the Normans on the borders of Wales
What was the primary role of the Marcher lordships?
To stop the Welsh from plundering over the border while planning for the invasion of Wales
What characterizes the nature of the ‘Cymry’?
Warlike people
What challenges did the Welsh kingdoms face from outside forces?
Saxon, Irish, and Viking invasions
Who was Rhys ap Gruffudd?
A leader acknowledged as Lord of South Wales and feudal vassal of King Henry II
Fill in the blank: The Edwardian conquest of Wales was initiated by _______.
Edward I
What was the Treaty of Aberconwy?
A treaty signed in 1277 during the Edwardian Conquest
True or False: The Welsh kings were generally united under a single leader.
False
What were the four stable kingdoms of Wales during the pre-13th Century period?
- Gwynedd
- Powys
- Deheubarth
- Morgannwg
What was the main reason for the Welsh kingdoms to engage in constant warfare?
To defeat and repel invaders while fighting among themselves
