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AET 272- Injury Assessment > The Elbow > Flashcards

The Elbow Flashcards

(43 cards)

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1
Q

bones of the elbow (3)

A

humerus
ulna
radius

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2
Q

joints of the elbow (3) + the movements

A

humeroulnar (flexion/extension

humeroradial (flexion/extension)

radioulnar (supination/pronation)

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3
Q

elbow ligaments (3)

A

-ulnar collateral ligament (MCL/UCL of elbow)
- Radial collateral ligament (LCL/RCL of the elbow)
-annular ligament (around head of radius & ulna)

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4
Q

muscles acting at the elbow (7)

A

biecps brachii
brachialis
brachioradialis
supinator
pronator teres
anconeus

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5
Q

action at the elbow: biceps brachii

A

elbow flexion
supination
shoulder flexion (long head)

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6
Q

action at the elbow: brachilais

A

elbow flexion

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7
Q

action at the elbow: triceps brachii

A

elbow extension
shoulder extension

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8
Q

action at the elbow: supinators

A

forearm supination

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9
Q

action at the elbow: pronator teres

A

forearm pronation

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10
Q

action at the elbow: anconeus

A

elbow extension

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11
Q

origins of bicep brachii long head & short head

A

long head- runs within bicepital groove on humerus
short head- coracoid process

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12
Q

tricep head origins (3)

A

long head- scapula
lateral head & medial head- humerus

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13
Q

forearm flexors & extensors origin

A

medial epicondyle

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14
Q

wrist extensor & supinators origin

A

lateral epicondyle

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15
Q

nerves of the elbow (3)

A

median nerve
ulnar nerve
radial nerve

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16
Q

arteries of the elbow

A

brachial artery
radial artery
ulnar artery

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17
Q

ROM: extension through flexion
pronation through supination
hyperextension

A

extension- flexion= 0-135 degrees
pronation- supination= 70-90 degrees
hyperextension= 5degrees

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18
Q

what protects the elbow from overuse & traumatic injuries (3)

Study These Flashcards
A

boney limitations
ligaments support
muscular stability

19
Q

Bursitis of elbow: Eitology

Study These Flashcards
A

-very common in athletic activities
-involves olecranon bursa

20
Q

Bursitis of elbow: MOI

Study These Flashcards
A

direct blow
overuse
pressure
infection (cut over elbow)

21
Q

Bursitis of elbow: S/S

Study These Flashcards
A

-painful & localized pain
-rapid swelling
-bruising
-limited ROM
-ulnar neuropraxia in 4/5th phalanges (numbess & weakness)

22
Q

Bursitis of elbow: treatment

Study These Flashcards
A

-PIER, sling support
-x ray to rule out fracture if have MOI
- modalities
-pad support for return to play/ pressure sleeve
-note to rule out infection (swelling, redness, warm, fever, red streaks of bursa)

23
Q

Sprains: Etiology

Study These Flashcards
A
  • valgus instabilities (UCL sprains)
    -varus instabilities 9Radial collateral sprains)
    -FOOSH or throwing mechanism
24
Q

Sprains: MOI for UCL & RCL

Study These Flashcards
A

UCL sprain
-FOOSH w/ valgus force
-overhead throwing

RCL
-FOOSh w/ varus force
-correlated with elbow dislocations

25
Sprains: S/S UCL sprain
-depends on degree of ligament damage -sharp apin over medial aspect of elbow -pulling, ripping or tearing sensation over medial elbow -swelling & ecchymosis over medial elbow - pain on palpation -positive valgus stress test to elbow
26
Sprains: S/S RCL sprain
-rule out dislocation -depends on the degree of ligament damage -similar to UCL sprain
27
Strains: etiology & MOI
-repetitive tensile stresses to the elbow muscles -forceful contraction of over stretching -constant use of forearm in physically demanding ways
28
Strains: S/S
-point tenderness -pain w/contratction (AROM) or stretching (PROM) -weakness -swelling bruising, possible deformity (if full rupture)
29
Strains: treatment
-PEIR -NSAIDs - protect & rest w/ sling -x-ray to rule out fracture
30
elbow & forearm fractures (3)
distal humerus proximal radius proximal ulna
31
define displaced fractures of the humerus, radius and ulna
bone endings do not line up
32
define undisplaced fractures of the humerus, radius and ulna
bone endings still line up
33
Elbow & forearm fractures: MOI
violent compressive forces caused by: -direct trauma -fall on flexed elbow or outstretched hand without valgus/varus stress -tensile forces associated with throwing -forced hyperflexion
34
Elbow & forearm fractures: S/S
-painful, swollen, discoloured elbow -deformity may be seen -inability to extend elbow against gravity (hallmark sign)
35
Elbow & forearm fractures: treatment
-assess PMSC -splint & support the joints above & below the injury in the most comfortable position -arrange transport to hospital
36
define epicondylitis
inflammation at the elbow involving the attachment of the common flexor or extensor tendons of the forearm muscles
37
describe medial epicondylitis (3)
-involves inflammation of the flexor tendons -seen in activities involving pronation & supination and loading of flexor muscles -golfers elbow
38
describe lateral epicondylitis (3)
-inflammation of the extensors tendons -caused by eccentric loading of extensor muscles -tennis elbow
39
Epicondylitis: MOI (2)
1. direct trauma (not very common) 2. overuse & improper mechanics involving wrist movement where there is repeated eccentric loads
40
Lateral epicondylitis: Etiology (8)
-eccentric loading of extensors during deceleration phase of throwing or tennis -poor technique backhand stroke -racquet size inappropriate for participant -racquet grip is too small/too big -racquet string tension too high -hitting wet ball -missing the "sweet spot" -age of participant
41
how to measure hand for proper racquet size
measure from proximal crease of the palm to the tip of the ring finger. -if between sizes, choose the smaller option
42
epicondylitis: treatment
-limit pain & inflammation (RICE/NSAIDs) -avoid activities leading to pain -immobilize (splint) if necessary -maintain ROM & strength at wrist & shoulder -other therapies (ice massage, contrast baths, ultrasound, electrical stimulation)
43
lateral epicondylitis: why find would what makes them have pain?
important to know if it is from muscle strength reason, or if they have an inappropriate racquet size or hitting technique. Then you can fix that and they won't have pain anymore.

AET 272- Injury Assessment (10 decks)

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