The Elbow

Question 1

What are the 3 functions of the elbow?

Answer 1

• Enables proper positioning of the hand
• Allows transmission of power from the shoulder to the hand
• Augmenting the versatility and agility of the UE

Question 2

What are the 3 joints of the elbow?

Answer 2

• Humeroulnar joint
• Humeroradial joint
• Proximal radioulnar joint

Question 3

Describe the margins of the anterior elbow joint capsule

Answer 3

Originates from the distal humerus proximal to the radial and coronoid fossa

Question 4

Describe the margins of the posterior elbow joint capsule

Answer 4

Attaches distally along the articular margin of the sigmoid notch and proximal aspect of the olecranon fossa

Question 5

What is the capsular pattern for the humeroulnar joint?

Answer 5

Flexion > Extension

Question 6

What is the resting position for the humeroulnar joint?

Answer 6

70 degrees of elbow flexion and 10 degrees of supination

Question 7

What is the closed packed position for the humeroulnar joint?

Answer 7

Extension and supination

Question 8

What is the humeroradial joint aka?

Answer 8

Radiocapitellar joint

Question 9

What is the capsular pattern for the humeroradial joint?

Answer 9

Flexion > Extension

Question 10

What is the resting position for the humeroradial joint?

Answer 10

Full extension and full supination

Question 11

What is the closed packed position for the humeroradial joint?

Answer 11

Elbow flexed to 90 degrees and the forearm supinated to 5 degrees

Question 12

What is it called when the radial head becomes dislocated?

Answer 12

Nursemaid’s elbow

Question 13

What is the capsular pattern for the proximal radioulnar joint?

Answer 13

Equal limitation of supination and pronation

Question 14

What is the resting position for the radioulnar joint?

Answer 14

35 degrees of supination and 70 degrees of elbow flexion

Question 15

What is the closed packed position for the radioulnar joint?

Answer 15

5 degrees supination

Question 16

What are the functions of the Medial Collateral (Ulnar) Ligament?

Answer 16

Supports the medial humeroulnar joint and form a tunnel with the FCU for the ulnar nerve

Question 17

What are the functions of the Lateral Collateral (radial) Ligament?

Answer 17

• to maintain the humeroulnar and humeroradial joints when the elbow is loaded in supination
• stabilize the proximal radioulnar joint during full supination and pronation

Question 18

What is the function of the annular ligament?

Answer 18

Checks displacement of the radial head

Question 19

What forms the floor of the cubital tunnel?

Answer 19

medial collateral ligament

Question 20

What forms the roof of the cubital tunnel?

Answer 20

aponeurosis, arcute ligament

Question 21

What forms the anterior aspect of the cubital tunnel?

Answer 21

medial epicondyle

Question 22

What forms the posterior aspect of the cubital tunnel?

Answer 22

medial head of the triceps

Question 23

What forms the lateral aspect of the cubital tunnel?

Answer 23

olecranon

Question 24

What travels through the cubital tunnel?

Answer 24

the ulnar nerve

Question 25

When is the volume of the cubital tunnel the greatest?

Answer 25

when the elbow is in extension

Question 26

Moving the elbow into full flexion decreases the size of the cubital tunnel volume by __%

Answer 26

55%

Question 27

What is considered the entryway to the forearm?

Answer 27

The cubital fossa

Question 28

What forms the lateral boundary of the cubital fossa?

Answer 28

Brachioradialis and ECRL muscles

Question 29

What forms the medial boundary of the cubital fossa?

Answer 29

Pronator Teres muscle

Question 30

What forms the proximal boundary of the cubital fossa?

Answer 30

imaginary line that passes through the humeral condyles

Question 31

What forms the floor of the cubital fossa?

Answer 31

Brachialis muscle

Question 32

What are the contents of the cubital fossa?

Answer 32

- Tendon of biceps brachii- Median nerve - Brachial artery - Radial nerve - Median cubital or intermediate cubital cutaneous vein

Question 33

Describe the concept of force couples of the elbow

Answer 33

In order for a movement to occur, muscles must balance each other out. For example, the triceps and biceps need to be balanced during elbow flexion/extension

Question 34

Male carrying angle = _-_ degreesFeale carrying angle = _-_ degrees

Answer 34

5-10 10-15

Question 35

A carrying angle greater than 15 degrees is considered cubitis ___.A carrying angle less than 5 degrees is considered cubitis ___.

Answer 35

valgus varus

Question 36

What is gunstock deformity?

Answer 36

an increase in cubital varus

Question 37

If swelling occurs what position will the patient hold the hold in?

Answer 37

In the resting position, which is also position of maximum volume

Question 38

The medial collateral ligament is placed on stretch by introducing a ____ force

Answer 38

valgus

Question 39

The lateral collateral ligament is placed on stretch by introducing a ____ force

Answer 39

varus

Question 40

Reflexes: Biceps = __ Brachioradialis = __ Triceps = __

Answer 40

C5 C6 C7