The End of History and the Clash of Civilizations

Question 1

What does the “clash of civilizations predict”?

Answer 1

intensified conflict between different civilizational groupings across the globe
–a dystopian view

Question 2

What does the “clash of civilizations” believe about the state?

Answer 2

• the state as we know it has only been around for a few centuries , and is bound to become less important
• therefore, the state as the unit of analysis will diminish and change, other kinds of important actors will come up

Question 3

ideology and class status can change _____ and ____ cannot (CoC)

Answer 3

culture and race

Question 4

Who wrote “the Clash of Civilizations”?

Answer 4

Huntington

Question 5

What does Huntington correctly predict?

Answer 5

the lower amount of interstate conflict

Question 6

What does Huntington think will become more important post cold-war?

Answer 6

culture and race

Question 7

a civilization represents ________

Answer 7

“highest cultural grouping of people and the broadest level of cultural identity”

–it’s transnational

Question 8

What are some objective factors of civlizations?

Answer 8

language, history, religion, customs, institutions

Question 9

What is the subjective factor of civs?

Answer 9

people’s self identification

Question 10

define subjective factors in the context of civ

Answer 10

part of identity is combination of objective factors and where you perceive yourself to fit in with the group
-group identity is more important

Question 11

interactions in the modern era increase ________

Answer 11

animosities and differences

Question 12

What is an example of friction/animosity in the modern era?

Answer 12

ate that go to France West vs. Islam

-migrants from Islamic states that go to France and feel divisions within states

Question 13

According to Huntington, what is a key building block of civilizations?

Answer 13

revival of religion

Question 14

“the great divisions among humankind and the dominating source of conflict will be _______”

Answer 14

cultural

Question 15

nation-states will remain powerful but the “the principal conflicts of global politics will occur between _________”

Answer 15

nations and groups of different civilizations

Question 16

non-western peoples and states will stop being _______ and start ______

Answer 16

objects of history

start shaping it

Question 17

Is the Clash of Civilizations happening?

Answer 17

• some of the clashes Huntington predicted have come to pass, while others have not
• Middle-East and Islam
• –not united, very conflictual –Al Qaeda has mostly killed other muslims
• Western Christian civ vs. Islam post 9/11
• divisions can be more intense within “civilizations” than between them
• Africa is also not united
• –differentiated in terms of goals, conflict

Question 18

What is the “Third Wave” of Democracy?

Answer 18

• term coined by Huntington
• began with fall of Salazar regime in Portugal
• expanding amount of democracies widely so they would outnumber non-democracies
• trend was accelerated throughout the 1980s and after the Cold War

Question 19

What did Fukuyama’s “End of History” mean?

Answer 19

• it’s spread could usher in a global era of peace and prosperity
• -this would be perpetual, leading to end of conflicts and therefore end of history

Question 20

capitalism is seen as ________

Answer 20

the economic representation of democratic ideals

–capitalism and democracy go hand in hand

Question 21

T or F: Fukuyama believes that the basic principles of the liberal democratic state could not be improved upon

Answer 21

true

-we have determined the best way to live (liberal democratic nation-state”

Question 22

define liberal

Answer 22

“man’s universal right to freedom enshrined through law”

Question 23

define democratic

Answer 23

exists only with the consent of the governed

Question 24

What does Fukuyama see as the threshold for a good society?

Answer 24

easy access VCRs and Stereos combined with liberal democracy

Question 25

Why does Fukuyama see the access to VCRs/Stereos important?

Answer 25

if you can access or aspire to access in the near-future middle-class life/benefits, then why would you fight?

Question 26

What does neo-liberal economics promote?

Answer 26

globalization and Free market

Question 27

neo-liberal economics and democracy is a ______ political solution

Answer 27

one-size-fits-all

Question 28

Neo-liberal economics believes in the ___________ to achieve a perfect balance

Answer 28

the efficiency of the invisible hand

Question 29

For fukuyama how do states define their national interest?

Answer 29

based "on some kind of prior ideological basis, just as we saw that economic behavior is determined by a prior state of consciousness"

Question 30

free market can give access to __----

Answer 30

'luxuries'

Question 31

Fukuyama focusses on ______ ideals to bring a new era of peace

Answer 31

economic

Question 32

Fukuyama focusses on emergence of _________

Answer 32

shared economic paradigm

Question 33

What is Thomas Friedman's idea?

Answer 33

a state has "arrived" when it has a McDonald's - countries with McDo's are less likely to go to war with each other - similar to DPT - signifies a certain level of economic development, middle-class gets big enough for people to afford luxuries

Question 34

What is the security version of the McDonald's claim?

Answer 34

F-16s | when countries get the US-manufactured F-16, they will likley not go to war against each other