Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Human Physiology and anatomy > The Endocrine System > Flashcards

The Endocrine System Flashcards

(63 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is anatomy?

A

The study of structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is physiology?

A

Study of the function and activities of living organisms including physical and chemical process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name the two subdivisions of anatomy

A

Microscopic anatomy and gross (macroscopic) anatomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name the two classes of microscopic anatomy

A

Cytology and histology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the difference between these two?

A

Cytology: Involves looking at singular cells.

Histology: Looking at a tissue, containing multiple cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the four classes of gross (macroscopic) anatomy?

A
  1. Surface
  2. Regional
  3. Systemic
  4. Developmental
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Explain gross (macroscopic) anatomy

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Explain surface anatomy

A

The study of the external features of the body, can be viewed in sight, does not require dissection.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Explain regional anatomy

A

The study of a specific region of the body e.g head, leg and/or abdomen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Explain systemic anatomy

A

A collection of a number of different structures that help to perform a specific function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Explain developmental anatomy

A

The study of the structural changes of the body throughout that individual’s lifespan.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name the four subdivisons of physiology?

A
  1. Cell
  2. Systemic
  3. Special
  4. Pathophysiology
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Explain cell physiology

A

The study of the different activities in a cell used to help keep it alive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Explain Systemic physiology

A

The study of specific organs and how they are able to function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Explain Special Physiology

A

?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Explain Pathophysiology

A

The processes that causes a disease or a disorder to develop, e.g change in structure or a defect of an internal organ.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name the different planes in anatomy and how they are viewed

A
  1. Sagital (from the side)
  2. Transverse (Bird’s eye perspective)
  3. Frontal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Inferior and superior

A

Inferior—-At the feet
Superior—-At the head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Name the six processes of LP
life processes

A
  1. Metabolism
  2. Responsiveness
  3. Movement
  4. Growth
  5. Differentiation
  6. Reproduction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Name the major systems of the human body

A

Integumentary
Skeletal
Muscle
Nervous
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic
Respiratory
Digestive
Urinary
Reproductive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Integumentary

A

Protection from environmental hazards; Temperature control.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Skeletal

A

Support; Protection of tissues; Mineral storage; Blood formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Muscular

A

Locomotion; Support; Heat production.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Nervous

A

Directs immediate responses to stimuli, generally by coordinating
activities of other systems.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Endocrine
Directs long-term changes in activities of other systems.
26
Cardiovascular
Internal transport of cells and dissolved materials (including nutrients, wastes, and gases).
27
Lmyphatic
Defence against infection and disease
28
Respiratory
Delivery of air to sites where gas exchange can occur between air and circulating blood.
29
digestive
Processing food; Absorption of nutrients, minerals, vitamins and water.
30
urinary
Elimination of excess water, salts and waste products.
31
reproductive
Production of sex cells and hormones
32
Homeostasis
A stable environment must be achieved, metabolic functions perform at max efficiency.
33
Homeostasis+Physiopathology relation
Opposite in meaning; Health reflects homeostasis whereas pathophysiology (pathological physiology; abnormal function) marks deviation from homeostasis.
34
Name the two types of Homeostatic regulation
Intrinsic regulation, Extrinsic regulation
35
What is intrinsic regulation
Automatic adjustment in response to environment e.g oxygen starved cells dilate BV, increasing blood flow
36
Extrinsic regulation
Results from activities of the nervous or endocrine system e.g exercise
37
Describe a feedback system
Type of system in the body, works to return the body to homeostasis
38
Name the three components in FS
Receptor, Control, Effector
39
Describe the sensor/receptor
Monitors event
40
Control centre
Determines response
41
Effector
Generates response
42
Describe negative feedback
Homeostatic, body changes out of homestasis, cs responds to reverse---- hence negative e.g sweating
43
Describe positive feedback
Not homeostatic, the event enhances the effects e.g childbirth
44
What type of science is physiology?
Integrative
45
Plasma (cell) membrane + functions
Outer membrane separating the internal components from the extracellular environment Physical isolation. * Regulation of exchange with environment. * Communication between cell and environment. * Structural support.
46
Cytosol
Intracellular fluid containing dissolved proteins, enzymes, nutrients, ions, and other molecules
47
Organelles
Highly organized and specialized structures suspended in the cystosol
48
Inclusions
Temporary structures in the cytoplasm which contain secretions and storage products of the cell
49
Name the three types of membrane
Structural proteins, Enzymes, Receptors
50
Function of structural proteins
Maintain shape by linking membrane to cytoskeleton. * Form part of cell-to-cell connections holding tissues together
51
enzyme
Catalyze chemical reactions occurring on external surface of immediate internal surface.
52
receptors
Receptor proteins on outer surface of cell form important part of body’s chemical signalling system. * Each receptor is specific for certain molecules (ligands) or families of molecules. * Ligand binding to receptor usually triggers a cascade of events.
53
Name the two types of transport proteins
channel, carrier
54
channel function
has a passage which links intracellular and extracellular components together
55
Carrier function
Never forms direct connection, solvents must change shape to pass through
56
Name the four main transport processes
diffusion, filtration, carrier-mediated transport, vesicular transport
57
Diffusion
Passive process resulting from random motion and collisions of ions and molecules
58
Filtration
Passive process occurring when hydrostatic pressure forces fluid and solutes across a membrane barrier
59
carrier mediated
Either passive or active process requiring the presence of of specialized integral membrane proteins
60
vesicular
Active process involving the movement of materials within small membranous sacs, or vesicles
61
Isotonic meaning
Equal solute and water in solution. * No osmotic flow. * RBCs normal appearance.
62
Hypotonic
Less solute, more water in solution. * Osmotic flow of water into cells. * RBCs have swollen appearance. * Swelling may continue until membrane ruptures.
63

Human Physiology and anatomy (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions