The endocrine system

Question 1

What is the endocrine system?

Answer 1

Network of glands across the body that secrete chemical messages called hormones

Question 2

What does the hypothalamus do?

Answer 2

Stimulates and controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland

Question 3

What does the pituitary gland do?

Answer 3

• Known as the ‘master gland’ because it releases hormones that stimulates other glands to release hormones
• Posterior lobe releases oxytocin which is involved in uterus contractions during childbirth
• Anterior lobe releases adrenocortical trophic hormone (ACTH) which stimulates the adrenal cortex to release cortisol during the stress response

Question 4

What does the pineal gland do?

Answer 4

Releases melatonin which is important in biological rhythms such as sleep wake cycle

Question 5

What does the thyroid gland do?

Answer 5

Releases thyroxine which is responsible for regulating metabolism

Question 6

What does the adrenal gland do?

Answer 6

• Adrenal medulla releases adrenaline and noradrenaline in fight or flight response
• Adrenal cortex releases cortisol which stimulates release of glucose to provide body with energy

Question 7

What do the ovaries and testes do?

Answer 7

• Ovaries release oestrogen which controls the regulation of the female reproductive system such as the menstrual cycle or pregnancy
• Testes release testosterone which is responsible for the development of male sex characteristics during puberty and promoting muscle growth