The Endocrine System

Question 1

Peptide hormones

Answer 1

polar, cannot pass through the plasma membrane
bind to extracellular receptors and use a second messenger
rapid and short lived

Question 2

Steroid hormones

Answer 2

minimally polar
bind intracellularly and intranuclearly
slow, but long lived
must be carried by specific proteins

Question 3

AA-derivative hormones

Answer 3

mix of both characteristics of peptide and steroid

Question 4

GnRH

Answer 4

promotes the release of FSH and LH

Question 5

GHRH

Answer 5

promotes the release of GH

Question 6

TRH

Answer 6

promotes the release of TSH

Question 7

CRF

Answer 7

promotes the release of ACTH

Question 8

PIF (dopamine)

Answer 8

inhibits the release of prolactin

Question 9

Tropic Hormones (FLAT)

Answer 9

FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH

Question 10

Direct Hormones (PEG)

Answer 10

Prolactin, endorphins, GH

Question 11

FSH

Answer 11

promotes the dev. of ovarian follicles in females and spermatogenesis in males

Question 12

LH

Answer 12

promotes ovulation in females and testosterone prod. in males

Question 13

ACTH

Answer 13

promotes synth. and release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex

Question 14

TSH

Answer 14

promotes synth. and release of T3 and T4

Question 15

Prolactin

Answer 15

promotes milk prod.

Question 16

Endorphins

Answer 16

decreases perception of pain and can cause euphoria

Question 17

GH

Answer 17

promotes growth of bone and shunts glucose to these tissues

Question 18

T3 & T4

Answer 18

Produced by follicular cells and contain iodine; increase basal metabolic rate

Question 19

Calcitonin

Answer 19

Produced by parafollicular cells decreases plasma Ca2+ conc. decrease Ca2+ absorption in the gut, and promotes Ca2+ storage in bone

Question 20

PTH

Answer 20

Released by parathyroid glands

• decreases excretion of ca2+ by the kidneys and increases bone resorption to increase blood Ca2+ conc.
• activates vit D

Question 21

Adrenal cortex produces (3)

Answer 21

Glucocorticoids (cortisol and cortisone)
Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
Cortical sex hormones (androgens, estrogens)

Question 22

Glucocorticoids

Answer 22

Increase blood glucose conc., reduce protein synthesis, inhibit immune sys, participate in stress response

Question 23

Mineralocorticoids

Answer 23

promotes Na+ reabsorption in the DCT & collecting duct, bringing H2O in.

Question 24

Adrenal medulla secretes

Answer 24

catecholamines

Question 25

Pancreas hormones

Answer 25

Glucagon Insulin Somatostatin (inhibits glucagon and insulin secretion)

Question 26

Gonads produce

Answer 26

testosterone from the testes | estrogen and progesterone from ovaries

Question 27

Pineal gland releases

Answer 27

melatonin, which regulates circadian rhythms

Question 28

stomach and intestinal cells produce

Answer 28

secretin, gastrin, and CCK

Question 29

Kidneys produce

Answer 29

erythropoietin

Question 30

Atria of the heart secretes

Answer 30

ANP

Question 31

Thymus secretes

Answer 31

Thymosin (for proper T-cell dev.)