The Endocrine System

Question 1

The endocrine system function

Answer 1

• maintenance of internal homeostasis

- the regulation of growth and development of an organism

Question 2

Hormones

Answer 2

Chemical messengers

Question 3

Hormones are transported by

Answer 3

Bloodstream to all cells

Question 4

What cells are affected by the hormone

Answer 4

Target cells that have a reception for that hormone

Question 5

What is the Master gland

Answer 5

Pituitary

Question 6

What does the pituitary do

Answer 6

Communicates w hypothalamus to control many body activities. Link between nervous and endocrine systems

Question 7

Location of pituitary

Answer 7

Base of brain

Question 8

How many hormones does the pituitary secrete

Answer 8

9

Question 9

What are the 6 major hormones from the pituitary

Answer 9

Growth hormone: helps fat be used for energy
Thyroid- stimulating hormone: stimulates growth of the thyroid gland
Adrenocorticotropic hormone: stimulates growth of the adrenal gland
Follicle stimulating hormone: growth of the ovarian follicles, production of estrogen in females, testosterone
Luteinizing hormone: stimulates ovulation and produces progesterone in females
Oxytocin: released during childbirth; causes contraction of uterus

Question 10

Diseases of the pituitary

Answer 10

Gigantism and dwarfism

Question 11

Gigantism

Answer 11

Over secretion if GH prior to puberty
Excessive growth in long bones
Treatment: drug therapy to inhibit GH release

Question 12

Dwarfism

Answer 12

Under production of GH during childhood
Lone bone growth decreased
Body is proportional and intelligence is normal
Treatment: early diagnosis and injections of GH fore five or more years

Question 13

Function of thyroid gland

Answer 13

Regulates metabolism, growth, development and blood calcium levels

Question 14

Location of the thyroid

Answer 14

Butterfly shaped mass going in neck of the trachea; shaped like an H

Question 15

Hormones of the thyroid

Answer 15

Thyroxine

Calcitonin

Question 16

Thyroxine

Answer 16

Increases metabolic rate; regulates growth and development

Question 17

Calcitonin

Answer 17

Lowers blood calcium by accelerating storage in bones

Calcium is necessary for blood clotting muscle contractions rn holding cells together

Question 18

Diseases of Thyroid

Answer 18

Hyperthyroidism
Graves’ disease
Hypothyroidism
Cretinism

Question 19

Hyperthyroidism

Answer 19

Over production of thyroxine increases metabolism
Causes weight loss, increases appetite, fatigue, high bp, nervousness, irregular menstrual periods
Treatment: antithyroid med, surgical removal of thyroid

Question 20

Graves’ disease

Answer 20

Severe form of hyperthyroidism
More common in women
Symptoms: strained and tense facial expression, nervous, irritability

Goiter: enlarged swelling of thyroid

Question 21

Hypothyroidism

Answer 21

Under production of thyroxine causes slow metabolism
Weight gain depression , fatigue, puffiness of face hands and feet
Treatment: drugs like levothyroxine

Question 22

Cretinism

Answer 22

When hyperthyroidism occurs since infancy or childhood, growth and development don’t occur normally.
Lack of mental and physical growth resulting in mental retardation and malformation
Sexual development and physical growth doesn’t reach beyond 7-8 yr old children

Question 23

Function of parathyroid

Answer 23

Raises blood calcium

Question 24

Hormone of parathyroid

Answer 24

Raises blood calcium to maintain proper levels of circulating calcium

Question 25

Function of adrenal glands

Answer 25

Helps the body prepare for and deal w stress

Question 26

Location of adrenal glands

Answer 26

“Suprarenal” glands above each kidney

Question 27

Hormones of the adrenal gland

Answer 27

Epinephrine: adrenaline and norepinephrine are released in emergency or stress situations to raise blood glucose levels and prep the body for the fight or flight response Cortisol: stress hormone that raises blood glucose by stimulating the breakdown of proteins.

Question 28

Function of the pancreas

Answer 28

Maintains blood glucose homeostasis after eating | Also functions as an exocrine gland- secretes pancreatic juices that are carried to small intestines to aid in digestion

Question 29

Location of pancreas

Answer 29

Behind stomach

Question 30

Hormones of the pancreas

Answer 30

Insulin- lowers blood glucose, promotes storage of glycogen in liver and muscles Glucagon- raises blood glucose

Question 31

Function of the thymus

Answer 31

Activating cells in the immune system | It stops during puberty

Question 32

Where is the thymus located

Answer 32

Under sternum

Question 33

Hormone of thymus

Answer 33

Thymosin: stimulates production of antibodies in early years

Question 34

Function of ovaries

Answer 34

Regulate menstruation and female sexual characteristics

Question 35

Function of testes

Answer 35

Stimulate sperm production and male sex characteristics In scrotal sac and suspended outside the body

Question 36

Hormone of the testes

Answer 36

Testosterone- regulates sexual characteristics of a male

Question 37

Pineal gland

Answer 37

Regulates sleep/wake cycle Located in brain

Question 38

Hormone of the pineal gland

Answer 38

Melatonin- released at night to make you sleepy

Question 39

Anabolic steroids

Answer 39

Synthetic form of testosterone used to treat some disease. Meg side effects: Aggressive, hallucinations, high bp, low sperm count, breast reduction, seeping of voice

Question 40

How does the endocrine system regulate homeostasis

Answer 40

Through negative feedback, when the amount of a particular hormone in the blood reaches a certain level, the endocrine system send signals that stop the release of that hormone

Question 41

Explain the pancreas

Answer 41

1. Pancreases releases insulin when there is too m uh sugar in blood 2. Insulin’s tomulates the liver to remove sugar from the blood and store it as glycogen 3. When there isn’t enough sugar in the blood, pancreas releases glucagon 4. Glucagon signals liver to release glucose back into the blood

Question 42

Leptin

Answer 42

Fat cells produce this when they are filled. It is transported to the brain where it suppresses a person appetite. When the fat is used the amount of lepton decreases which causes brain to start to feel hunger again