The Enlightenment - 18th Century Flashcards
1
Q
The Enlightenment (changes)
A
- Population growth (cities >500,000; sanitation and crowding)
- Political unrest (American, French revolutions)
- Colonialism (more travel, diseases)
- Economics
2
Q
What was The Enlightenment?
A
- “The Age of Reason”
- Science and intellect became valued
- Wider dissemination of knowledge
3
Q
Giovanni Battista Morgagni
A
- “Father of Anatomical Pathology”
- Padua, Chair of Anatomy
- “The Seats and Causes of Diseases”
- First to demonstrate the need to base diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment on anatomical conditions
4
Q
Albrecht von Haller
A
- Founder of modern physiology
- “Elements of Physiology of the Human Body”
5
Q
Leopold Auenbrugger
A
- First to describe percussion for diagnosis
- Learned by tapping wine kegs as a child
- Lungs and tuberculosis
- Fremitus: voice/breathing vibrations that can be palpated
- “Inventum Novum ex Percussione Thoracis Humani Interni Pectoris Morbos Detegendi”
6
Q
William Hunter
A
- Anatomist; leading obstetrician in London
- Built famous anatomy theater with brother, John
- “Anatomia uteri humani gravidi”
7
Q
John Hunter
A
- Anatomy assistant to brother William
- Graverobbing
- Skeleton of 7’7” Irish giant, Charles Byrne
- Studied inflammation, gunshot wounds, venereal diseases (self gonorrhea), fats absorbed into lacteals of gut, first complete study of child development, proved that maternal and fetal blood supplies separate, lymphatic system
8
Q
Jean Nicolas Corvisart
A
- Strong advocate of Auenbrugger’s percussion
- “The First Heart Specialist”
- “An Essay on Organic Diseases and Lesions of the Heart and Great Vessels”
- Emphasized precordial palpation
- Rene Laennec was his student
9
Q
Rene Laennec
A
- Inventor of the stethoscope (1819)
- First to lecture on melanoma
- Rales, rhonchi, crepitance, and egophony
- Named cirrhosis (already known disease)
10
Q
Edward Jenner
A
- Demonstrated the “efficacy” of vaccination
- Inoculation for smallpox was already standard (Lady Montague)
- Vaccination was already discovered and researched, just didn’t know how to do it effectively
- “An Inquiry into the Causes and Effects of Variolae Vaccinae”
11
Q
Benjamin Rush
A
- US Founding Father (signed Declaration)
- Vigorous proponent of “heroic medicine” (purging the bowels)
- Believed hypertension was the key to disease
- “the American Hippocrates,” heeded by regular doctors
