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The Equine Neck Flashcards

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1
Q

Critical neck structures

A

Common carotid artery
Jugular Vein
Central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, specifically the vagus nerve the sympathetic trunk
The cervical plexus
the phrenic nerve
The brachial plexus

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2
Q

The common carotid artery originates, three important arteries, which are

A

The internal carotid artery,
external carotid artery,
Occipital artery

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3
Q

The common carotid artery system responsible for

A

Irrigating their face and the central nervous system

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4
Q

The jugular vein carries blood

A

From the horses, head back to its heart is located within the jugular grooves on the lower side of the horses neck 

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5
Q

The central nervous system

A

Consists of the brain, and the spinal spinal cord is the major nervous system that runs through the cervical vertebrae in the neck, all the way down the spine to the tail

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6
Q

The peripheral nervous system

A

Consists of all the nerves branching out of the brain and the spinal cord

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7
Q

What are the two types of nerves that are associated with the peripheral nervous system?

A

Spinal nerves and cranial nerves

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8
Q

What are the two systems that the peripheral nervous system is divided into?

A

Automatic system, which is the parasympathetic and sympathetic,

somatic nervous system, which is the sensory and motor

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9
Q

Peripheral nerves that carry information towards the central nervous system are called

A

Afferent or sensory neurons

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10
Q

Peripheral nerves, transmitting impulses from the central nervous system are known as

A

Efferent or motor neurons

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11
Q

Afferent neurons transmit a variety of impulses from sensory receptors/sense organs they carry sensations

A

Like touch pain temperature in position in space, proprioception

Some also transmit more special, sensory information, like special senses of smell, vision, hearing, and balance.

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12
Q

EFFERENT neurons bring general nervous information towards effector organs like skeletal muscles, visceral organs, and glands. They are responsible for.

A

Initiating voluntary and involuntary motor functions, such as muscle contractions and gland secretion

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13
Q

Cranial nerves emerge from the

A

Cranium – brain/brain stem

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14
Q

Spinal nerves with the central nervous system system via the

A

Spinal cord

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15
Q

There are how many pairs of cranial nerves?

A

12 pairs of cranial nerves

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16
Q

How many pairs of the Radick spinal nerves, and how many lumbar spinal nerves

A

There are 18 pairs of thoracic, spinal nerves, and six pairs of lumbar spinal nerves

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17
Q

How many pairs of nerves form the basis of the equine, peripheral nervous system

A
  1. Paired nerves.
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18
Q

Cranial nerves are peripheral nerves, originate from

A

Specific nuclear located in the brain, and mainly innervate anatomical structures of the head and neck.

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19
Q

Which cranial nerve is an exception to only moving the head and neck?

A

The vagus nerve, which also innervates Farias thoracic and abdominal organs

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20
Q

Cranial nerves, leave the cranial cavity through the _______ And project to the respective targets structure

A

FORAMINA

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21
Q

Cranial nerves are divided into which three groups

A

Sensory motor and mixed

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22
Q

Spinal nerves leads the vertebral column through the intervertebral ________

A

FORAMINA located between two successive adjacent vertebrae

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23
Q

Each spinal nerve than divides into two branches called?

A

Posterior/dorsal and anterior/ventral rami both rami carry mixed fibers 

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24
Q

What does rami mean?

A

 It is the plural Latin translation for branch

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25
How does the posterior rami travel?
Backwards, and divide into branches that supply post vertebral structures
26
What do the anterior rami supply?
The skin and muscles of the lambs and the interior trunk
27
What happens at the spinal nerve?
Immediately after the division, the spinal nerve into two ram, I smaller, communicating fibers branch out
28
What do these white and gray are in my communications establish
A connection between spinal nerves, and two sympathetic trunks of the AUTONOMIC nervous system, that runs along the length of the vertebral column
29
What is the somatic, voluntary, nervous system responsible for?
Providing sensory and motor innervation to skin, muscles and sensory organs, and other words that carry sensations from the body pain, touch, temperature, appropriate, see exception and innervate, skeletal muscles that are under conscious, or voluntary control. In addition, the somatic nervous system is involved in spinal reflexes, and example of being the withdrawal reflex.
30
True false both of the cranial and spinal nerves contribute to the somatic nervous system
True
31
True/false The majority of anterior rami combine to form nerve flexes from which many major role for shrill nerve stem
True
32
What do the majority of anterior Rami combine to form?
Nerve plexus is from which many major peripheral nerves them.
33
True/false, the exception to the anterior rami of the thoracic region, which travel relatively independent from one another, without forming plexuses, as the intercostal and subcostal nerves of the trunk
True system is responsi
34
Nervous plexuses, formed by the anterior rami of spinal nerves are as follows:
The cervical plexus, the brachial pressure plexus, and the lumbarsacral plexus
35
Each nerve plexus, gives out several peripheral nerves which carry
Sensory and motor fibers to, and from their respective targets structures
36
Autonomic division of the peripheral nervous system ANS is?
Involuntary nature, meaning that we have no conscious control over it
37
The ANS is responsible for providing
Sensory and motor innervation to smooth muscles, blood vessels, glands and internal organs as such a provides a coordinated regulation of visceral and glandular functions, playing a role in maintaining homeostasis 
38
How does the central nervous system differ from the autonomic nervous system?
Oh, autonomic nerves synapse with a sympathetic or parasympathetic ganglion
39
What is preganglionic?
The portion of the nerve before the ganglion and carries impulses towards the closer cell bodies
40
What is postganglionic?
The portion located from the gang Leon on words and carries impulses away from the cell bodies
41
What are the three major branches of the ANS?
Sympathetic parasympathetic, and ENTERIC
42
What does the sympathetic division deal with?
The sympathetic division prepares the body for dealing with periods of increase physical call activity through actions, such as regulating blood vessels, often do not always vasoconstriction, dilating, pupils, increasing heart rate and blood pressure, and decreasing peristalsis.
43
What does the parasympathetic division do?
The parasympathetic division helps the body to conserve energy, it has the rest and digest, feeding, and breathing functions. This is carried out by actions to typically slow the cardiovascular system down not in the case of breathing simulates consecration and increases peristalsis. The PNS is also involved in lacrimation crime.
44
What is the ENTERIC nervous system responsible for
ENS lies within the walls of the gastrointestinal tract. It works to control peristalsis within the digestive system. This system is also described as a second brain, because it acts independently, while only being influenced by impulses from the ANS.
45
The fairest of the nervous system is divided into?
Cranial, and sacral out photos. The preganglionic fibers of the cranial outflow exit the brainstem within the oculomotor, facial glossopharyngeall, and the vagus cranial nerves. 
46
True/false the synapse in the ciliary PTERYGOPALATINE, optic, SUBMANDIBULAR, and a NTERIC ganglia. The post ganglionic, fibers ultimately innervates salvia glands of the head and the CILIARY, muscles of the eye, and in the case of the vagus nerve, the thoracic and abdominal viscera.
True
47
Where does the vagus nerve originate?
The vagus nerve originates in the brain and branches out in multiple directions to the neck and body where is responsible for actions, such as carrying sensory information from skin of the ear, controlling the muscles to swallow and produce sound as well as influence in the immune system, and is a vital player in the parasympathetic system.
48
What is the sympathetic trunk responsible for?
The sympathy truck as part of the automatic nervous system responsible for the regulation of the physiological responses related to the fight or flight response. It travels with the vagus nerve forming the vagosympathetic trunk.
49
How is the cervical plexus divided?
The cervical plexus is divided into a dorsal cervical plexus, formed by cervical nerves three through six, or C3 through C6 and the ventricles cervical plexus, formed by cervical nerves, four and five.
50
How is the phrenic nerve formed?
The phrenic nerve is formed by the ventral rami of the cervical nerves, five, six, and seven, it is responsible for the motor innervation of the diaphragm, and the sensory supply of flora, which is membrane lining of the thorax and enveloping the lungs, mediastinum which is the area between the lungs, pericardium the membrane, enclosing the heart, and the thorax viscera - organs.
51
How is the brachial plexus formed?
The brachial plexus is formed by the ventral rami of the spinal nerves six C6 to T too. Is located meetly Kraner to the first rib, between the two parts of a scalenus muscle. The nerves emerging from this plexus supply, the muscles of the thoracic limb.
52
How are the nerves numbered?
Their number in related to the vertical column exit level; cervical spinal nerves are numbered, according to the vertebra, located below, while the rest, according to the vertebra situated above.
53
What causes thoracic outlet syndrome?
Lack of bustling to provide adequate cushion for the brachial plexus. Misalignment of the cervical vertebra, thoracic, vertebra, ribs, and or sternum. Hypertrophy of the brachial cephalic us, sternal cephalic us, and the OMOTRANSVERSARIUS.
54
What are the symptoms of the thoracic outlet syndrome?
Undiagnosed lameness from the front them, head, shaking, striking difficulty with extension, such as leads, Faria, stretching. Tripping and stumbling, inability to lock, corporal joints or shaky knees syndrome. Dysfunction of the front stay apparatus, sleep deprivation.
55
What is the jugular groove?
The jugular groove is the line of indentation on the lower portion of the neck. It can be seen from either side, just above the windpipe, and just below the brachial cephalic us.
56
True or false we should see a depth from the top of the jugular groove to the base of the shoulder
True 
57
The brachial plexus is innervated from C6 to what?
T2
58
What does the long cirrhotic nerve innervate into?
Serratus Ventralis Thoracis
59
The lateral cirrhotic nerve, and the intercostal never come together to form the what?
Intercostobrachial nerve
60
When a horse cannot lock, their car pole joints, is typically because the_________, ulnar nerve, and the median nerve being compressed.
Radial nerve

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