The Excretory System

Question 1

Maintenance of a ratio between the quantity of salt and water in the body fluids such that the organism can survive in its natural habitat

Answer 1

Osmoregulation

Question 2

Physiological function that serves as the involuntary control of the chemical environment of cells

Answer 2

Homeostasis

Question 3

Organs that serve as the reservoir for water

Answer 3

Urinary Bladder

Question 4

Urinary bladders arise during embryonic development as an evagination from the ventral wall of the ______________.

Answer 4

Embryonic Cloaca

Question 5

Term used for the evagination from the embryonic cloaca that forms the urinary bladder in therian mammals

Answer 5

Allantois

Question 6

Fibrous remnant of a part of the embryonic allantois that persists within the coelom distal to the bladder after birth

Answer 6

Middle Umbilical Ligament or Urachus

Question 7

Connects the distal tip of the urinary bladder to the umbilicus

Answer 7

Middle Umbilical Ligament or Urachus

Question 8

Three mesenteries that are the sole remnants in adult craniates of the ventral mesentery that extended the entire length of the coelom

Answer 8

1. Mesentery of Urinary Bladder*
2. Lesser Omentum
3. Falciform Ligament

Question 9

Neurosecretory hormone that evokes active water reabsorption

Answer 9

Antidiuretic Hormone

Question 10

Where is the antidiuretic hormone released from in the brain?

Answer 10

Posterior Lobe of the Pituitary

Question 11

Where can you find antidiuretic hormone in the brain?

Answer 11

Hypothalamus

Question 12

Used by female freshwater turtles to carry water for softening and moistening the soil when a nest is being prepared for eggs

Answer 12

Voluminous Bladders or Accessory Bladders

Question 13

Deposits in the urine that serves as signalling device for mammals

Answer 13

Pheromones

Question 14

Utilises the urinary bladder to reclaim essential ions when scarce in a specific environment

Answer 14

Basal Craniates

Question 15

Utilises the urinary bladder as a signalling device

Answer 15

Mammals

Question 16

Utilises the urinary bladder for softening and moistening the soil to prepare a nest for their eggs

Answer 16

Female Freshwater Turtles

Question 17

Four nontherian mammals that have a urinary bladder

Answer 17

1. Amphibians
2. Turtles
3. Basal Lizards
4. Monotremes

Question 18

Where do the urinary bladders of fishes arise from?

Answer 18

Nephrogenic Mesoderm

Question 19

What do you call the urinary bladder of ray-finned fishes that developed into an elongated sac?

Answer 19

Tubal Bladder

Question 20

Group of fishes whose urinary bladder is characterised by an unpaired. sometime bicornuate sinuslike enlargement at the caudal junction of the two mesonephric ducts

Answer 20

Ray-Finned Fishes

Question 21

Group of fishes whose urinary bladder is characterised as a small diverticulum from the dorsal wall of the cloaca

Answer 21

Lobe-Finned Fishes

Question 22

Group of fishes who have no structures that characterise as a urinary bladder

Answer 22

Living Agnathans and Cartilaginous Fishes

Question 23

Group of fishes whose urinary bladder is characterised as an elongated sac called a tubal bladder

Answer 23

Ray-Finned Fishes

Question 24

Group that eliminates byproducts through simple diffusion across any membrane exposed to the environment

Answer 24

Fishes

Question 25

Group whose kidney's main role is to maintain water and salt balance

Answer 25

Fishes

Question 26

Group whose kidney's main role is to maintain water and salt balance and eliminate nitrogenous wastes

Answer 26

Tetrapods

Question 27

Basic architectural components of a craniate kidney

Answer 27

1. Glomeruli 2. Renal Tubules 3. Longitudinal Excretory Ducts

Question 28

Tufts of microscopic capillarylike arterial loops on the pathway of an arteriole where water, ions, metabolic waste products and certain other constituents are removed from the bloodstream

Answer 28

Glomeruli

Question 29

Microscopic capillarylike arterial loops

Answer 29

Retia Mirabilia

Question 30

Type of glomeruli that is suspended in the coelom surrounded by peritoneum

Answer 30

External Glomeruli

Question 31

Exhibits external glomeruli

Answer 31

Embryos and Larvae; Primitives

Question 32

Peritoneal funnel that sweeps the filtrate from the glomeruli to the renal tubules

Answer 32

Nephrostome

Question 33

Delicate double-walled outgrowth from a kidney tubule which adheres to the surface of the vascular loops

Answer 33

Bowman's Capsule

Question 34

Type of glomeruli where the filtrate is collected by a capsular cavity before it is passed to a renal tubule

Answer 34

Internal Glomeruli

Question 35

Glomerulus + Bowman's Capsule = ?

Answer 35

Renal Corpuscle

Question 36

Renal Corpuscle + Renal Tubule + Associate Peritubular Capillaries = ?

Answer 36

Nephron

Question 37

Functional unit of a gnathostome kidney

Answer 37

Nephron

Question 38

Arteriole that supplies the glomerulus

Answer 38

Afferent Glomerular Arteriole

Question 39

Arteriole that emerges from the glomerulue

Answer 39

Efferent Glomerular Arteriole

Question 40

Which arteriole of the glomerulus has a lesser diameter?

Answer 40

Efferent Glomerular Arteriole

Question 41

Why does the efferent glomerular arteriole have a lesser diameter?

Answer 41

Increases blood pressure within the glomerulus

Question 42

In embryonic development, where do renal tubules differentiate from?

Answer 42

Nephrogenic Mesoderm

Question 43

Site where several renal tubules empty their contents

Answer 43

Common Collecting Tubule