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t and p > the existance of god and revelation > Flashcards

the existance of god and revelation Flashcards

1
Q

Religious arguments for the existence of God

A

-design argument
-the fifth way
-first cause argument

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2
Q

Who created the design argument, and what is it?

A

-Thomas Aquinas
- the idea that’s everything in the natural world heads towards its goal or purpose, even without a mind of its own -> because it has been directed by something that does think. This something is ‘God’

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3
Q

What is design argument and who created it initially?

A
  • Thomas Aquinas- but many other believed and preached it
  • everything is designed so intricately and perfectly, someone must have designed it, and that must be God
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4
Q

Other examples of Design argument

A

-William Paley - example of watch and watchmaker- so intricately designed, it must be made by a watchmaker
- Isaac newton- example of the thumb, which is opposable and with unique thumbprints- must have been designed my god
- F. R tennant- the wold has been designed to be perfect for human life- if tiny changes has occurred, life wouldn’t be possible

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5
Q

Arguments against design argument

A
  • There are flaws in some of God’s design
  • theory of evolution suggests that species have developed by chance, not by God designing them
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6
Q

What is the first cause argument and who created it?

A

Thomas Aquinas
- the idea that everything has a cause, and that whilst god may not be constantly controlling the world, he set it into motion, and was the first cause.

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7
Q

Arguments against first cause argument

A
  • not everything necessarily needs a cause
  • if everything does have a cause, what caused god?
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8
Q

‘this is the… (general revelation)

A

scripture in which there is no doubt’-Qur’an

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9
Q

‘no sound is heard from them… (general revelation)

A

yet their voice goes out into all the world’ - Bible

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10
Q

What does it mean for god to be personal?

A
  • has human characteristics, loves and cares about every individual, and everyone has a relationship with god
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11
Q

what does it mean for god to be impersonal

A
  • no human characteristic, more like an idea or a force. An absolute being, who is only understood in terms of himself
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12
Q

What are miracles

A
  • seemingly impossible events that cannot be explained by natural or scientific laws
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13
Q

Arguments of miracles to prove God

A
  • If there is no scientific explanation for an event, it must be caused by something outside nature
  • God is the only thing outside nature
  • therefore it must be God
  • therefore God is real
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14
Q

Arguments against miracles

A
  • Miracles are no more than lucky coincidences
  • They may have scientific explanations that we don’t know about
  • Miracle healings could be mind over matter or misdiagnosis or placebo effect
  • could be made up
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15
Q

Problems with belief in miracles

A
  • witnesses can be mistaken about what is seen and heard, and people lie for their benefit
  • science can now many past miracles, so in the future an explanation will most likely come
  • unreasonable to jump to conclusion of God
  • Illusionists such as David Blane can do tricks- maybe miracles are tricks
  • God performing miracles is evil- if he fed 5000 people with only 5 loafs and 2 fish then why can’t he save one child from dying
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16
Q

‘nothing is…

A

impossible with God’- Bible

17
Q

how is the inconsistent triad used to argue against God

A
  • If God is benevolent (loving/good), than he ought to not want evil and suffering of his creation
  • if he is omnipotent then he is able to get rid of evil and suffering
  • Evil and suffering still exists, so either he is not benevolent, or not powerful, or does not exist
18
Q

Christian and Muslim responses to argument of evil and suffering

A
  • suffering is important in order for humans to grow etc
  • God gave us free will- we chose to be evil, and if he intervened humans wouldn’t be free
  • Allah may have reasons humans can’t understand for allowing evil
19
Q

Scientific arguments that challenge belief in God

A
  • Darwin’s theory of evolution- challenge the idea that God created world in 6 days, specifically designing each creature perfectly
20
Q

Christian responses to Scientific arguments

A
  • some (eg liberals) have no conflict- believe that bible can be interpreted and science only reveals how God created everything
  • fundamentalists believe it’s wrong to challenge religious truths to fit scientific laws
  • pope believes science and religion can work together and science can explain God
21
Q

muslim responses to scientific arguments

A
  • many believe no problem in believing in scientific accounts as they support what qur’an says
  • some believe God have humans intelligence to learn and study his creation to give them a greater understanding
  • some reject evolution because humans were a special creation of God
22
Q

What is special revelation

A
  • God reveals himself through remarkable experiences usually only open to one or a small group of people
23
Q

What is ockham’s razor

A

in the case of two contrasting ideas to explain the same phenomenon, refer to the simpler one

24
Q

how does special revelation argue existence of God

A
  • Individuals or groups have had experience of God
  • Oxham’s razor
  • the simples explanation is that is was caused by God
  • God exists
25
Q

example of Special revelation

A
  • Conversion of saul to paul on road to Damascus
26
Q

What happens in story of Saul to Paul

A
  • persecuter of christians (saul) encounters jesus who tells him to go to damascus
  • he loses his sight
  • at damascus God speaks to him through pope Anianus
  • his sight restored and he gets baptised
27
Q

what ways can people get general revelation

A
  • nature
  • scripture
  • conscience
  • people
28
Q

what is general revelation

A
  • god making himself known through ordinary experiences
  • eg. intricacy of human eye, beauty of natural world, or power and magnitude of storms
29
Q

‘Nothing is….

A

impossible with God’ -Bible

30
Q

‘I believe in….

A

one God, the father almighty, maker of heaven and Earth’- Nicene Creed

31
Q

‘He begets not….

A

nor was he begotten. And there is no one comparable to him’ - Surah

32
Q

‘God so loved…..

A

the world that he gave his one and only son’-Bible

33
Q

‘the most excellent….

A

names belong to god:use them to call him’- Qur’an

34
Q

‘he is with you….

A

wherever you are’-Quran

35
Q

‘there is no God…

A

but him, the creator of all things, so worship him’- Qur’an

t and p (8 decks)

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