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Biology 30 - Nervous System > The Eye > Flashcards

The Eye Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

What is the aqueous humour?

A

A fluid found behind the cornea
Maintained by lymphatic system
Provides nutrients to the cornea
Helps focus light into eye

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2
Q

What is the vitreous humour

A

Jelly like fluid
Fills up the eye
Involves in focussing

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3
Q

What is a conjunctiva

A

A curve under the eyelid which prevents dirt from getting to the back of your eye

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4
Q

Where is the blind spot?

A

A part of your eye in the back where no neurons or light are present

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5
Q

What is the cornea

A

Clear
Glass-like tissue
A specialized part of the sclera
Helps focus your vision by refracting light
Made of living cells
No blood vessels but gets oxygen from air surrounding it and releases CO2

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6
Q

What is the sclera

A 
White of the eye
Tough and rubbery
Protection
Maintains shape of eye
Sites for muscle attachment
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7
Q

What is the retina?

A

Very thin
Responsible for detecting light
Contains photoreceptors

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8
Q

What is the choroid?

A

Absorbs all light that is not absorbed by retinal layer - why pupil is black

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9
Q

What is the iris?

A

Controls the amount of light that comes into the eye

Contains a sphincter

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10
Q

What are the purpose for the ciliary body and ciliary ligaments?

A

To focus light into the eye

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11
Q

What is a lens

A

Living cells
Very low metabolism
Rubbery - can change shape

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12
Q

What happens when light passes through a substance?

A

It refracts

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13
Q

How does a substance effect refraction?

A

The thicker the substance the more it refracts?

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14
Q

When objects are close to the eye, we have to bend the light _______.

A

More

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15
Q

In order to reflect the light more we have to make the lens ________.

A

Thicker

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16
Q

If the ciliary muscle is contracted, it will ________ the tension on the ligaments and the lens gets _________.

For close objects

A

Decrease

Thicker

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17
Q

If the ciliary muscle is dial aged, the ligaments ______ and the lens gets ________.

For far objects

A

Tighten

Thinner

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18
Q

What is accanodation

A

Focus plus light adjustment

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19
Q

What neurons (cells) do the photoreceptors send their signal to?

A

Photoreceptors -> bipolar cells -> ganglion cells

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20
Q

What are the 2 types of photoreceptors?

A

Ross and cones

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21
Q

What pigment is in rods and cones?

A

Rhodopsin

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22
Q

What is rhodopsin is broken down into?

A

Retinal (retinine - vitamin A)

Opsin (protein)

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23
Q

Types of opsin?

Study These Flashcards
A

Regular
Short
Medium
Long

24
Q

What differs in the types of opsin?

Study These Flashcards
A

React with different wavelengths of light

25
What is special about the regular opsin?
Reacts with all wavelengths of light
26
How is rhodopsin formed?
An enzyme puts the Belen down parts (retinal and opsin) back together Takes about 2 hours
27
What does retinal do?
When present Na channels open creating an action potential.
28
What opsin do Ross contain?
Regular React with all wavelengths Black and white vision
29
Are rods extremely light sensitive?
Yes
30
What are rods responsible for?
Night vision | All is us to see in low light conditions
31
Where are rods mostly found?
Peripheral vision around the outside of the eye
32
Where do rods send their signals to?
The occipital lobe
33
What type of motion do rods see?
Organic motion | Moving, loving things
34
What are rods good at detecting in bright lights
Edges and shadows
35
What do rods share that causes low resolution?
Bipolar cells
36
What is another word for resolution?
Aquity
37
There are three types of cones containing different types of opsin. These are?
Short - blue Medium - green Long - short Each one reacts with a different section of the light spectrum
38
How many wavelengths does one cone react with?
One wavelength.
39
Are cones light sensitive?
Not as much as rods
40
What are the primary colours of light?
Green Red Blue
41
Rods don't share these, causing them to have a high resolution
Bipolar cells
42
Where are cones located?
Packed in the centre
43
What is the fovea centralis?
Centre focus area Packed with cones Best vision
44
What is the blind spot?
No vision | No rods or cones
45
What is binocular vision?
Two eyes - each seeing a different image and the brain combines them into one
46
What is the optic chiasma?
Cross of the optic nerves
47
How many sides does the retinal later on each eye have?
Two sides
48
How do we have depth perception?
We rely on visual cues.
49
Name the four visual cues
``` Motion parallax Converging lines Overlay Relative size Shadows/Textiles/Gradients ```
50
What is motion parallax?
Objects further away appear to move slower through your field of view
51
What are converting lines
Corners that tell us what is close and far
52
What is overlay
One thing is obscuring another thing | Ex. Buildings in front of each other
53
What is relative size?
Objects that are small are generally farther away
54
What do Shadows/Textiles/Gradients tell us about depth?
Lose texture when something is further away
55
What causes a negative afterimage?
Fatiguing a specific cone | Can no longer see that wavelength of light
56
What causes a positive after image?
Over stimulation of rods and cones | Ex. A camera flash
57
What are the three layers of the eye?
Sclera Choroid Retina

Biology 30 - Nervous System (19 decks)

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