THE EYE

Question 1

what bones make up the roof of the orbital cavity?

Answer 1

lesser wing of sphenoid

frontal

Question 2

what bones make up the medial wall of the orbital cavity?

Answer 2

ethmoid bone
maxillary
lacrimal
body of sphenoid

Question 3

what bones make up the lateral wall of the orbital cavity?

Answer 3

zygomatic process of frontal
greater wing of sphenoid
orbital surface of zygomatic

Question 4

what bones make up the floor of the orbital cavity?

Answer 4

zygomatic
palatine
maxillary

Question 5

what is enophthalmus?

Answer 5

posterior displacement of the eyeball within the orbital cavity

Question 6

what other fascia types is periorbital fascia continuous with? and where?

Answer 6

extracranial periosteum - @ orbital margin
dura mater - @ optic canal and SOF
extraocular muscles

Question 7

where are the medial and lateral check ligaments?

Answer 7

medial/lateral rectus to lacrimal/zygomatic bones respectively

Question 8

what is the structure of the suspensory ligament?

Answer 8

composed of the medial and lateral check ligaments merged with the fascia of the rectus, oblique muscles and periorbital fascia

Forms a sling around the eyeball

Question 9

what are the 5 layers of the eyelid?

Answer 9

Skin (sebaceous/cilary glands) 
Orbicularis oculi
superior/inferior tarsal plates
levator apparatus
conjunctiva

Question 10

what are the superior and inferior fornices?

Answer 10

the points at which the palpebral conjunctiva reflects onto the the bulbar conjunctiva

Question 11

what are the three layers of the eyeball?

Answer 11

fibrous
vascular
inner

Question 12

what does the fibrous layer of the eyeball contain?

Answer 12

cornea (anterior segment)

sclera (posterior segment)

Question 13

what does the vascular layer of the eyeball contain?

Answer 13

choroid layer
cilary bodies
iris

Question 14

what does the inner layer of the eyeball contain?

Answer 14

retina

Question 15

what names are given to the two layers of the retina? What is their function?

Answer 15

outer pigmented layer - connected to choroid layer, provides support to neural layer

neural layer - photoreceptors

Question 16

what is the optic disk?

Answer 16

the part of the eyeball where the optic nerve enters

a functional blindspot

Question 17

what is the macula lutea?

Answer 17

area of the retina that has the most distinct vision

Question 18

what is the fovea centralis? where on the retina is it found?

Answer 18

found within the macula lutea

provides high visual acuity, only cones found here

Question 19

which photoreceptor is found in abundance at the macula/fovea?

Answer 19

cones

Question 20

what divides the anterior and posterior cavities of the eye?

Answer 20

the susepensory ligament and lens

Question 21

what structures divide the anterior and posterior compartment of the anterior cavity?

Answer 21

pupil and iris

Question 22

what is the vitreous chamber?

Answer 22

another name for posterior cavity

Question 23

from where is aqueous humour secreted? Describe how it flows through the eye

Answer 23

cillary epithelium of cilary bodies into posterior chamber of anterior cavity

drains through pupil into anterior chamber > canal of schlemm > limbal plexus > venous return

Question 24

where is vitreous humour found?

Answer 24

behind the lens i.e. posterior cavity of the eyeball

Question 25

what is the innervation of the lacrimal gland?

Answer 25

Facial nerve

Question 26

what is lacrimal fluid?

Answer 26

Tears

Question 27

where does the nasolacrimal duct drain into?

Answer 27

the inferior nasal meatus

Question 28

where does the superior ophthalmic vein drain into?

Answer 28

Cavernous sinus

Question 29

the ophthalmic artery arises from which artery?

Answer 29

internal carotid artery

Question 30

what is ptosis?

Answer 30

unnatural drooping of the eyelid