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MSK exam 3 > The foot > Flashcards

The foot Flashcards

(83 cards)

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1
Q

femoral nerve innervates

A

quadriceps

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2
Q

obturator nerve innervates

A

hip adductors

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3
Q

superior gluteal nerve innervates

A

hip abductors

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4
Q

inferior gluteal nerve innervates

A

gluteus maximus

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5
Q

sciatic nerve innervates

A

hamstrings

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6
Q

sciatic nerve gives rise to

A

tibial nerve and common fibular nerve

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7
Q

trial nerve innervates

A

all the muscles in the posterior compartments of the leg

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8
Q

common fibular nerve divides into two branches

A

superficial fibular nerve - innervates lateral compartment of the leg deep fibular nerve - innervates anterior compartment muscles

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9
Q

superficial fibular nerve innervates

A

lateral compartment of the leg

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10
Q

deep fibular nerve

A
  • innervates anterior compartment muscles
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11
Q

femoral artery passed through the adductor hiatus and becomes the

A

popliteal artery

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12
Q

popliteal artery gives rise to the

A

anterior and posterior tibial arteries

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13
Q

anterior tibial artery vascularizes

A

the anterior compartment then becomes the dorsal pedal artery in the foot

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14
Q

posterior tibial artery vascularizes

A

the posterior compartments and gives rise to the fibular artery (lateral compartment) then plantar arteries (medial and lateral) in the foot

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15
Q

how many tarsal bones

A

7

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16
Q

how many metatarsals

A

5

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17
Q

how many phalanges

A

14

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18
Q

bones of the tarsus

A

talus calcaneous cuboid navicular 3 cuneiform bones

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19
Q

this bone is almost entirely covered with articular cartilage

A

talus

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20
Q

neck of the talus

A

entrance site for the arteries that vascularize the bone

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21
Q

posterior tubercles on the talus

A

provide a groove for the FHL tendon

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22
Q

commonly fractured tarsal bones

A

talus and calcaneous

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23
Q

this fracture results from dorsiflexion injuries

A

talus

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24
Q

fractures through the neck of the talus can

A

disrupt the vascular supply and lead to avascular necrosis of the talus

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25
heel bone
calcaneus
26
articulates with the talus superiorly at the subtalor joint
calcaneus
27
insertion of achilles tendon
posterior aspect of calcaneus
28
the tendon of the FHL passes beneath the ___________ and inserts into the distal phalanx of the hallux
sustentaculum tali
29
aviator fractures
talus fracture
30
mechanism of calcaneal fracture
often results from a fall from a ladder or jumping from a height and landing on a high axial load on the rear foot
31
what to keep in mind when considering calcaneal fractures
must rule out associated fractures of the spine - particularly lower thoracic and lumbar
32
calcaneal fractures that involve the _____ have a poor long term prognosis and severe arthritis can accompany this injury
STJ - sustentaculum tali part of the calcaneus that supports the head of the talus
33
shortest and thickest metatarsal
first
34
longest metatarsal
2nd
35
parts of a metatarsal
base, shaft, and head
36
base of the 5th metatarsal has a large ____ for insertion of the fibularis brevis
tuberosity
37
there are 2 _____ beneath the head of the first metatarsal
sesmoid bones
38
metatarsal fracuters occur from
direct trauma - kicking, heavy weight falling like a bowling ball
39
common metatarsal to fracture
5th
40
during inversion ankle injuries (ankle sprain) the _______ reflexively contracts, attempting to evert the ankle
brevis tendon - occasinally this contraction avulses or fractures the base of the 5th metatarsal bone
41
name the foot
42
deep fascia over the dorsum of the foot is thin and continuous with the
crural fascia of the leg
43
plantar fascia
deep fascia fo the plantar surface (sole) of the foot
44
plantar aponeurosis
extremely thick central portion of the plantar fascia
45
function of plantar fascia
protection of underlying neurovascular structures helps support the longitudinal arches of the foot provide surface for musclar attachment
46
arises from calcaneus and divides into slips that enclose the long digital tendons
plantar aponeurosis
47
helps compartmentalize the foot by sending vertical septa deeply into the foot
plantar aponeurosis
48
plantar region is separated into 4 compartments
medial lateral central interosseus
49
intrinsic plantar foot muscle
there are 18 muscles in 4 layers
50
innervation of the plantar foot
lateral and medial plantar nerves
51
medial plantar nerve innervation
abductor hallucis flexor digitorum brevis flexor hallucis brevis 1st medial lumbrical
52
all intrinsic plantar muscles are innervated by which nerve roots
S2, S3 play footsies with me S2 S3 step on me
53
tarsal tunnel
orderly passage way into the foot, beneath the flexor retinaculum ligament
54
Tom Dick an Harry
**T**ibialis Posterior Tendon Flexor **d**igitorum longus tendon posterior tibial **a**rtery and tibial **n**erve flexor **h**allicus longus tendon
55
median plantar nerve
innervates 4 plantar muscles cutaneous to 3 1/2 toes and medial aspect of foot
56
lateral plantar nerve
superficial branch supplies sensation to lateral 1 1/2 digits cutaneous to that area and the lateral aspect of the foot
57
cutaneous innervation of heel
tibial nerve
58
tibial nerve divides into
medial plantar nerve lateral plantar nerve
59
posterior tibial artery gives rise to
medial plantar artery lateral plantar artery
60
medial plantar artery
gives rise to small superficial and deep branches supplies mainly muscles of the great toe (medial aspect of the foot)
61
first layer of plantar muscles
three intrinsic muscles: - abductor hallucis - flexor digitorum brevis (flexes toes 2-5) - abductor digiti minimi (abducts the 5th toe)
62
abducts the 5th toe
abductor digiti minimi
63
muscle belly givers rise to 4 tendons and flexes toes 2-5
flexor digitorum brevis
64
label first layer of plantar muscles
65
2nd layer of plantar muscles
_extrinsic_ - flexor digitorum longus FDL flexor hallucis longus FHL _intrinsic_ - quadratus plantae - assits FDL in flexing digits lumbrical muscles (4) - arise from the four tendons of the FDL, flexes the toes
66
3rd layer of plantar muscles
three intrinsic muscles - flexor digiti minimi brevis - flexes proximal phalanx of the 5th toe - adductor hallucis - flexor hallucis brevis
67
flexor hallucis brevis
has a medial and lateral head which contain sesamoid bones within their tendons - flexes proximal phalanx hallux
68
4th layer of plantar muscles
- 3 plantar interossei - adduct digits 3,4,5 - 4 dorsal interossei - abduct digits 2,3,4
69
intrinisic muscles arise from the shafts of the metatarsals and insert into the extensor expansion of the digits
interossei muscles
70
uncontrolled diabetes tends to result in
retinopathy nephopathy neuropathy
71
neuropathy results in
loss or diminished function of peripheral sensory nerves
72
For ~100,000 people each year, these wounds progress deep into the tissue and severe bacterial infection takes over resulting in a
amputation
73
\_\_ % of diabetics with an amputation have their other limb amputated within 5 years
50
74
synovial joint between the talus and calcaneus
subtalar joint
75
permits inversion and eversion motions during the gait cycle
subtalar joint
76
ligament that helps stabilize the subtalar joint
interosseous talocalcaneal ligament
77
transverse tarsal joint
two joints calcaneocuboid talonavicular
78
bifurcate ligament
provides stability between the transverse tarsal joint
79
the pedal bones are arranged in ____ that add to the weight bearing capabilities and resilience of the foot
arches
80
integrity of the arches of the foot
Strength and tone of muscles – tibialis posterior, tibialis anterior, and fibularis longus & The Flexor Hallucis longus
81
one of the most common causes of heel pain
plantar fasciitis
82
plantar fasciitis
inflammation of the thick plantar fascia/aponeurosis and associated muscles that arise from the calcaneal tuberosity
83
presentation of plantar fasciitis
stabbing pain that usually occurs with the first few steps in the morning, or after long periods of standing or sitting

MSK exam 3 (7 decks)

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